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Week 2 Test
Advanced Physics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A atom with different # of electrons and the same # of protons is an? | ION |
Minimum lead requirement for lead aprons | .25mm |
List the qualities of a secondary barrier | Parallel to CR, 1/32 inch lead, 7feet high |
what is NRCP report #116? | Provides the most recent guidelines for radiation protection. |
what is the total filtration for an xray tube at 7kV or above? | 2.5mmAL |
what is the mode used to radiograph the breast to screen for pathology | Mammo |
Inverse Square Law | I1/I2 = (D2)2/(D1)2 |
TRUE OR FALSE radiation in utero increases the risk of child leukemia by 50% | True |
Nuclear Regulatory commission this agency has the power to enforce radiation protection standards. | NRC |
list 3 types of wearable radiation protection devices | gloves aprons and thyroid shield |
what is a point source of radiation | tube> primary beam and leakage and Patient> Scatter |
The ability to work | energy |
explain contrast and density | grayscale and blackness |
what is a PIC and its properties | Dosimeter with an immediate read out |
hardens the xray beam | filtration |
Maximum Permissible Dose | MPD |
Type of area monitor used to detect Alpha and Beta particles | Proportional |
what is RSO | Radiation safety Officer |
Exposure= | mA x Time |
This organization used to be called the atomic regulatory commission? | NRC |
This system uses a magnetic field for diagnostic exams | MRI |
What are "agreement states" | states in an "agreement with NRC standards |
Radiation control for health and safety act of 1968 what did it do? | Protect the public from unnecessary radiation from electric devices. |
This group evaluate humans and environmental exposure from radioactive materials and radiation producing machines | UNSCEAR |
Radiation Equivalent Man | REM |
List 5 qualities of a good radiation monitoring divice | light weight reliable durable interacts like tissue and detects radioactivity |
4 types of personnel radiation dosimeters | filmbadge OSL TLD Pocket Dosimeter |
Neg charged particle of and atom | electron |
EqD= | Absorbed dose x Radiation (W) |
somatic effect which has a random chance of occurrence after exposure is called | stochastic |
name 5 types of DNA damage from radiation | Main Chan scission one rail, Main chain scission both rails, rung breakage, cross linking and change or base loss( POINT MUTATION) |
what is a TLD and its properties | most accurate dosimeter |
name for electromagnetic energy | radiation |
what is GSD | Genetically significant dose |
Thickness of material that will attenuate 50% of xray beam | half value layer |
min requirement for lead gloves and aprons | .25mmPB |
The ___ -Target/___-Hit theory is best described as the response of simple cells to radiation | single and single |
___ is the constant in dose related to the radiosensitiviy of a specific cell | Mean Lethal Dose |
what is DAP | Dose area product |
OER | dose with out oxygen/ dose with oxygen |
4 stages after radiation exposure | prodromal latent manifest death or recovery |
__ is the result of 300-400 rads and results in the death of 50% at the population in 60 days | LD 50/60 |
Type of radiation effect on a molecule resulting in increased viscosity | crosslinking |
smallest unit of matter | atom |
most radiosensitive cell in the human body | lymphocytes |
the indirect effect is caused by the radiation of ___molecules | water |
term for harm caused by radiation | Ionization |
a type of ARS which occurs at 1000RADS is the ___ | GI syndrome |
xray interaction when an outer shell electron is sent out of orbit with some loss of energy | compton effect |
first stage of radiation sickness is called | prodromal stage |
this agency will conduct on site inspection of xray and mammo equipment | FDA |
Name 2 radioresistant types of human tissue | nerves and muscles |
agency responsible for protection of humans and environment | EPA |
late somatic effects resulting in callused discolored and weathered looking skin | radio-dermatitis |
dose limit for pregnant radiation workers in 9month period. | .5rems |
process that prevents photons from reaching the target | attenuation |
which one of the cardinal rules is not always controlled by the tech? | TIME |
positive charged part of an atom | proton |
EfD+ | radiation(W) x Tissue(W) x A dose |
severe radiation damage to DNA can include__ aberrations and __ damage. | Chromosome and cytogenic |
an atom with different # of neutrons and the same # of protons is | isotope |
weighting factor of gamma and xray radiation | |
3 types of area radiation monitors | proportional cutie pie and guieger Muller |
has mass and takes up space | matter |
what is reproducibility and its limit | variation in xray exposure not to exceed 5% |
easily penetrated by xray | radiolucient |
what is a PBL and what is the limit of variation | Positive beam limiter and 2% |
another name for "soft" xrays? | Grenz rays |
what is TVL | Tenth Value Layer |
this organization is considered the international authority on radiation safety | ICRP |
what is SID and what is the acceptable limit for variation | source to Image Distance 2% |
organization functions to protect employees and a safe working environment | OSHA |
radiation measuring devices are called | dosimeters |
difficult for xray to penetrate | radiopaque |
what diagnostic system uses xrays and a computer to take slices of axial images | CT |
modality that uses a gamma camera to detect radiation | Nuclear Med |
diagnostic modality that uses sound waves | ultrasound |
what is linearity and the acceptable variance | variation from one mA station to another and 10% max |
OSL and its properties | most cost effective dosimeter |
what is the consumer -patient radiation health and safety act of 1981? | set min education standards for radiation workers |
groups of element in the periodic table represent | elements with the same # of outer shell electrons |
what dose response relationship does cataract formation have | non linear threshold |
stage of apparent wellness during radiation sickness | latent stage |
amount of radiation to cause twice the amount of response | doubling dose |
type of radiation effect on a molecule resulting in lower viscosity | main chain scission |
graphical curve that maps the observable effects of radiation exposure | radiation dose response relationship |
in a sine wave frequency and wavelength are___ in proportion | inversely |
xray interaction which causes total absorption | photoelectric effect |
observed cases- expected cases | excessive risk |
process that deposits energy into the material radiated | absorption |
of the 3 cardinal rules which one is most effective | distance |
point at which a response first occurs is called | threshold |
___ and ___ are 2 late stage somatic effects which are stochastic in occurrence | cancer and leukemia |
ionization in the air | roentgen |
what are 3 effects that may occur from DNA irradiation | Cell Death genetic damage and malignant disease |
3 types of ARS | Hematologic GI CNS |
TRUE OR FALSE radiation in utero does not retard growth in newborns | False |
___= observed cases/expected cases | relative risk |
cellular damage and death occurs from radiation of the ___ of a cell | DNA |
___ is the most common interaction of xray with human body | radiolysis |
a very conservation risk model concerning radiation exposure | ALARA |
occupational dose is measured in what units | mRem |
formula for cumulative life time MPD | age x 1Rem |
3 types of radiation in xray rooms | primary scatter and leakage |
Rad= | radiation absorbed dose |
annual MPD for a radiation tech | 5Rem |
Branch of science dealing with radiation safety | Health Physics |
Radiation induced chromosome damage is termed the ___ | cytogentic effect |
what is LET | Linear Energy Transfer |
One of the 4 contributing factors in somatic or genetic damage is the ___ of the area exposed | size |
3 ways patient dose is reported in | skin gonadal and bone marrow |
what are the two objectives of radiation protection | prevent non stochastic effects and limit the risk of stochastic effects |
the equation for the max # of electrons in a shell | 2n(2)squared |
describe protein synthesis in the cell DNA in order starting with DNA | DNA--->mRNA--->tRNA--->Protein |
MMD means what | Mean Marrow dose |