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Week 2 Test
Advanced Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A atom with different # of electrons and the same # of protons is an? | ION |
| Minimum lead requirement for lead aprons | .25mm |
| List the qualities of a secondary barrier | Parallel to CR, 1/32 inch lead, 7feet high |
| what is NRCP report #116? | Provides the most recent guidelines for radiation protection. |
| what is the total filtration for an xray tube at 7kV or above? | 2.5mmAL |
| what is the mode used to radiograph the breast to screen for pathology | Mammo |
| Inverse Square Law | I1/I2 = (D2)2/(D1)2 |
| TRUE OR FALSE radiation in utero increases the risk of child leukemia by 50% | True |
| Nuclear Regulatory commission this agency has the power to enforce radiation protection standards. | NRC |
| list 3 types of wearable radiation protection devices | gloves aprons and thyroid shield |
| what is a point source of radiation | tube> primary beam and leakage and Patient> Scatter |
| The ability to work | energy |
| explain contrast and density | grayscale and blackness |
| what is a PIC and its properties | Dosimeter with an immediate read out |
| hardens the xray beam | filtration |
| Maximum Permissible Dose | MPD |
| Type of area monitor used to detect Alpha and Beta particles | Proportional |
| what is RSO | Radiation safety Officer |
| Exposure= | mA x Time |
| This organization used to be called the atomic regulatory commission? | NRC |
| This system uses a magnetic field for diagnostic exams | MRI |
| What are "agreement states" | states in an "agreement with NRC standards |
| Radiation control for health and safety act of 1968 what did it do? | Protect the public from unnecessary radiation from electric devices. |
| This group evaluate humans and environmental exposure from radioactive materials and radiation producing machines | UNSCEAR |
| Radiation Equivalent Man | REM |
| List 5 qualities of a good radiation monitoring divice | light weight reliable durable interacts like tissue and detects radioactivity |
| 4 types of personnel radiation dosimeters | filmbadge OSL TLD Pocket Dosimeter |
| Neg charged particle of and atom | electron |
| EqD= | Absorbed dose x Radiation (W) |
| somatic effect which has a random chance of occurrence after exposure is called | stochastic |
| name 5 types of DNA damage from radiation | Main Chan scission one rail, Main chain scission both rails, rung breakage, cross linking and change or base loss( POINT MUTATION) |
| what is a TLD and its properties | most accurate dosimeter |
| name for electromagnetic energy | radiation |
| what is GSD | Genetically significant dose |
| Thickness of material that will attenuate 50% of xray beam | half value layer |
| min requirement for lead gloves and aprons | .25mmPB |
| The ___ -Target/___-Hit theory is best described as the response of simple cells to radiation | single and single |
| ___ is the constant in dose related to the radiosensitiviy of a specific cell | Mean Lethal Dose |
| what is DAP | Dose area product |
| OER | dose with out oxygen/ dose with oxygen |
| 4 stages after radiation exposure | prodromal latent manifest death or recovery |
| __ is the result of 300-400 rads and results in the death of 50% at the population in 60 days | LD 50/60 |
| Type of radiation effect on a molecule resulting in increased viscosity | crosslinking |
| smallest unit of matter | atom |
| most radiosensitive cell in the human body | lymphocytes |
| the indirect effect is caused by the radiation of ___molecules | water |
| term for harm caused by radiation | Ionization |
| a type of ARS which occurs at 1000RADS is the ___ | GI syndrome |
| xray interaction when an outer shell electron is sent out of orbit with some loss of energy | compton effect |
| first stage of radiation sickness is called | prodromal stage |
| this agency will conduct on site inspection of xray and mammo equipment | FDA |
| Name 2 radioresistant types of human tissue | nerves and muscles |
| agency responsible for protection of humans and environment | EPA |
| late somatic effects resulting in callused discolored and weathered looking skin | radio-dermatitis |
| dose limit for pregnant radiation workers in 9month period. | .5rems |
| process that prevents photons from reaching the target | attenuation |
| which one of the cardinal rules is not always controlled by the tech? | TIME |
| positive charged part of an atom | proton |
| EfD+ | radiation(W) x Tissue(W) x A dose |
| severe radiation damage to DNA can include__ aberrations and __ damage. | Chromosome and cytogenic |
| an atom with different # of neutrons and the same # of protons is | isotope |
| weighting factor of gamma and xray radiation | |
| 3 types of area radiation monitors | proportional cutie pie and guieger Muller |
| has mass and takes up space | matter |
| what is reproducibility and its limit | variation in xray exposure not to exceed 5% |
| easily penetrated by xray | radiolucient |
| what is a PBL and what is the limit of variation | Positive beam limiter and 2% |
| another name for "soft" xrays? | Grenz rays |
| what is TVL | Tenth Value Layer |
| this organization is considered the international authority on radiation safety | ICRP |
| what is SID and what is the acceptable limit for variation | source to Image Distance 2% |
| organization functions to protect employees and a safe working environment | OSHA |
| radiation measuring devices are called | dosimeters |
| difficult for xray to penetrate | radiopaque |
| what diagnostic system uses xrays and a computer to take slices of axial images | CT |
| modality that uses a gamma camera to detect radiation | Nuclear Med |
| diagnostic modality that uses sound waves | ultrasound |
| what is linearity and the acceptable variance | variation from one mA station to another and 10% max |
| OSL and its properties | most cost effective dosimeter |
| what is the consumer -patient radiation health and safety act of 1981? | set min education standards for radiation workers |
| groups of element in the periodic table represent | elements with the same # of outer shell electrons |
| what dose response relationship does cataract formation have | non linear threshold |
| stage of apparent wellness during radiation sickness | latent stage |
| amount of radiation to cause twice the amount of response | doubling dose |
| type of radiation effect on a molecule resulting in lower viscosity | main chain scission |
| graphical curve that maps the observable effects of radiation exposure | radiation dose response relationship |
| in a sine wave frequency and wavelength are___ in proportion | inversely |
| xray interaction which causes total absorption | photoelectric effect |
| observed cases- expected cases | excessive risk |
| process that deposits energy into the material radiated | absorption |
| of the 3 cardinal rules which one is most effective | distance |
| point at which a response first occurs is called | threshold |
| ___ and ___ are 2 late stage somatic effects which are stochastic in occurrence | cancer and leukemia |
| ionization in the air | roentgen |
| what are 3 effects that may occur from DNA irradiation | Cell Death genetic damage and malignant disease |
| 3 types of ARS | Hematologic GI CNS |
| TRUE OR FALSE radiation in utero does not retard growth in newborns | False |
| ___= observed cases/expected cases | relative risk |
| cellular damage and death occurs from radiation of the ___ of a cell | DNA |
| ___ is the most common interaction of xray with human body | radiolysis |
| a very conservation risk model concerning radiation exposure | ALARA |
| occupational dose is measured in what units | mRem |
| formula for cumulative life time MPD | age x 1Rem |
| 3 types of radiation in xray rooms | primary scatter and leakage |
| Rad= | radiation absorbed dose |
| annual MPD for a radiation tech | 5Rem |
| Branch of science dealing with radiation safety | Health Physics |
| Radiation induced chromosome damage is termed the ___ | cytogentic effect |
| what is LET | Linear Energy Transfer |
| One of the 4 contributing factors in somatic or genetic damage is the ___ of the area exposed | size |
| 3 ways patient dose is reported in | skin gonadal and bone marrow |
| what are the two objectives of radiation protection | prevent non stochastic effects and limit the risk of stochastic effects |
| the equation for the max # of electrons in a shell | 2n(2)squared |
| describe protein synthesis in the cell DNA in order starting with DNA | DNA--->mRNA--->tRNA--->Protein |
| MMD means what | Mean Marrow dose |
Created by:
jbreynolds200384
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