Advanced Physics
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| A atom with different # of electrons and the same # of protons is an? | ION
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| Minimum lead requirement for lead aprons | .25mm
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| List the qualities of a secondary barrier | Parallel to CR, 1/32 inch lead, 7feet high
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| what is NRCP report #116? | Provides the most recent guidelines for radiation protection.
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| what is the total filtration for an xray tube at 7kV or above? | 2.5mmAL
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| what is the mode used to radiograph the breast to screen for pathology | Mammo
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| Inverse Square Law | I1/I2 = (D2)2/(D1)2
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| TRUE OR FALSE radiation in utero increases the risk of child leukemia by 50% | True
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| Nuclear Regulatory commission this agency has the power to enforce radiation protection standards. | NRC
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| list 3 types of wearable radiation protection devices | gloves aprons and thyroid shield
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| what is a point source of radiation | tube> primary beam and leakage and Patient> Scatter
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| The ability to work | energy
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| explain contrast and density | grayscale and blackness
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| what is a PIC and its properties | Dosimeter with an immediate read out
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| hardens the xray beam | filtration
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| Maximum Permissible Dose | MPD
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| Type of area monitor used to detect Alpha and Beta particles | Proportional
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| what is RSO | Radiation safety Officer
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| Exposure= | mA x Time
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| This organization used to be called the atomic regulatory commission? | NRC
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| This system uses a magnetic field for diagnostic exams | MRI
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| What are "agreement states" | states in an "agreement with NRC standards
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| Radiation control for health and safety act of 1968 what did it do? | Protect the public from unnecessary radiation from electric devices.
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| This group evaluate humans and environmental exposure from radioactive materials and radiation producing machines | UNSCEAR
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| Radiation Equivalent Man | REM
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| List 5 qualities of a good radiation monitoring divice | light weight reliable durable interacts like tissue and detects radioactivity
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| 4 types of personnel radiation dosimeters | filmbadge OSL TLD Pocket Dosimeter
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| Neg charged particle of and atom | electron
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| EqD= | Absorbed dose x Radiation (W)
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| somatic effect which has a random chance of occurrence after exposure is called | stochastic
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| name 5 types of DNA damage from radiation | Main Chan scission one rail, Main chain scission both rails, rung breakage, cross linking and change or base loss( POINT MUTATION)
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| what is a TLD and its properties | most accurate dosimeter
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| name for electromagnetic energy | radiation
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| what is GSD | Genetically significant dose
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| Thickness of material that will attenuate 50% of xray beam | half value layer
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| min requirement for lead gloves and aprons | .25mmPB
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| The ___ -Target/___-Hit theory is best described as the response of simple cells to radiation | single and single
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| ___ is the constant in dose related to the radiosensitiviy of a specific cell | Mean Lethal Dose
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| what is DAP | Dose area product
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| OER | dose with out oxygen/ dose with oxygen
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| 4 stages after radiation exposure | prodromal latent manifest death or recovery
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| __ is the result of 300-400 rads and results in the death of 50% at the population in 60 days | LD 50/60
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| Type of radiation effect on a molecule resulting in increased viscosity | crosslinking
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| smallest unit of matter | atom
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| most radiosensitive cell in the human body | lymphocytes
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| the indirect effect is caused by the radiation of ___molecules | water
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| term for harm caused by radiation | Ionization
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| a type of ARS which occurs at 1000RADS is the ___ | GI syndrome
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| xray interaction when an outer shell electron is sent out of orbit with some loss of energy | compton effect
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| first stage of radiation sickness is called | prodromal stage
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| this agency will conduct on site inspection of xray and mammo equipment | FDA
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| Name 2 radioresistant types of human tissue | nerves and muscles
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| agency responsible for protection of humans and environment | EPA
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| late somatic effects resulting in callused discolored and weathered looking skin | radio-dermatitis
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| dose limit for pregnant radiation workers in 9month period. | .5rems
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| process that prevents photons from reaching the target | attenuation
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| which one of the cardinal rules is not always controlled by the tech? | TIME
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| positive charged part of an atom | proton
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| EfD+ | radiation(W) x Tissue(W) x A dose
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| severe radiation damage to DNA can include__ aberrations and __ damage. | Chromosome and cytogenic
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| an atom with different # of neutrons and the same # of protons is | isotope
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| weighting factor of gamma and xray radiation |
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| 3 types of area radiation monitors | proportional cutie pie and guieger Muller
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| has mass and takes up space | matter
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| what is reproducibility and its limit | variation in xray exposure not to exceed 5%
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| easily penetrated by xray | radiolucient
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| what is a PBL and what is the limit of variation | Positive beam limiter and 2%
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| another name for "soft" xrays? | Grenz rays
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| what is TVL | Tenth Value Layer
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| this organization is considered the international authority on radiation safety | ICRP
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| what is SID and what is the acceptable limit for variation | source to Image Distance 2%
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| organization functions to protect employees and a safe working environment | OSHA
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| radiation measuring devices are called | dosimeters
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| difficult for xray to penetrate | radiopaque
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| what diagnostic system uses xrays and a computer to take slices of axial images | CT
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| modality that uses a gamma camera to detect radiation | Nuclear Med
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| diagnostic modality that uses sound waves | ultrasound
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| what is linearity and the acceptable variance | variation from one mA station to another and 10% max
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| OSL and its properties | most cost effective dosimeter
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| what is the consumer -patient radiation health and safety act of 1981? | set min education standards for radiation workers
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| groups of element in the periodic table represent | elements with the same # of outer shell electrons
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| what dose response relationship does cataract formation have | non linear threshold
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| stage of apparent wellness during radiation sickness | latent stage
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| amount of radiation to cause twice the amount of response | doubling dose
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| type of radiation effect on a molecule resulting in lower viscosity | main chain scission
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| graphical curve that maps the observable effects of radiation exposure | radiation dose response relationship
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| in a sine wave frequency and wavelength are___ in proportion | inversely
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| xray interaction which causes total absorption | photoelectric effect
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| observed cases- expected cases | excessive risk
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| process that deposits energy into the material radiated | absorption
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| of the 3 cardinal rules which one is most effective | distance
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| point at which a response first occurs is called | threshold
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| ___ and ___ are 2 late stage somatic effects which are stochastic in occurrence | cancer and leukemia
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| ionization in the air | roentgen
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| what are 3 effects that may occur from DNA irradiation | Cell Death genetic damage and malignant disease
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| 3 types of ARS | Hematologic GI CNS
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| TRUE OR FALSE radiation in utero does not retard growth in newborns | False
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| ___= observed cases/expected cases | relative risk
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| cellular damage and death occurs from radiation of the ___ of a cell | DNA
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| ___ is the most common interaction of xray with human body | radiolysis
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| a very conservation risk model concerning radiation exposure | ALARA
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| occupational dose is measured in what units | mRem
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| formula for cumulative life time MPD | age x 1Rem
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| 3 types of radiation in xray rooms | primary scatter and leakage
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| Rad= | radiation absorbed dose
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| annual MPD for a radiation tech | 5Rem
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| Branch of science dealing with radiation safety | Health Physics
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| Radiation induced chromosome damage is termed the ___ | cytogentic effect
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| what is LET | Linear Energy Transfer
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| One of the 4 contributing factors in somatic or genetic damage is the ___ of the area exposed | size
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| 3 ways patient dose is reported in | skin gonadal and bone marrow
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| what are the two objectives of radiation protection | prevent non stochastic effects and limit the risk of stochastic effects
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| the equation for the max # of electrons in a shell | 2n(2)squared
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| describe protein synthesis in the cell DNA in order starting with DNA | DNA--->mRNA--->tRNA--->Protein
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| MMD means what | Mean Marrow dose
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