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Chapter 6 Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are large, complex molecules found in the cells of all living things? | proteins |
| what are nitrogen containing molecules that combine to form proteins? | amino acids |
| which amino acids are NOT produced by the body that must be obtained from the food? | essential amino acids |
| when two amino acids join together, the amine group of one binds to the acid group of another in a unique type of chemical bond | peptide |
| during what phase does the mRNA copy the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus? | Transcription |
| Conversion of genetic information in RNA to assemble amino acids in the proper sequence to synthesize a protein on the ribosome | Translation |
| What are the four levels of a protein structure? | Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure |
| Proteins lose shape (denaturation) when subjected to? | Heat, acids and bases, heavy metals, alcohol |
| What happens in a irreversible loss in protein function? | Denaturation |
| What is another name for a "high quality" protein? | Complete protein |
| What is considered a "low quality" protein? | Incomplete protein |
| Pancreatic enzymes called what completes the digestion of proteins into single amino acids? | Proteases |
| Who require more protein? | Children, adolescent, pregnant or lactating women, athletes, vegetarians |
| For ________ __________ to occur, all essential amino acids must be available to the cell | Protein synthesis |
| Our red blood cells live for only __________ months and then are replaced by new cells | 3-4 |
| How long do the cells lining our intestinal tract live before they are replaced? | 3-6 days |
| What happens with the "old" intestinal cells when our body replaces them with new ones? | They are digested and the amino acids are absorbed back into the body |
| The _____ of a protein determines its function | Shape |
| When a particular essential amino acid is unavailable, what can't not occur? | Protein synthesis |
| What is an amino acid hormone that plays a critical role in the regulation of sleep? | Melatonin |
| The body goes into a state called _______ when the blood becomes to acidic. | Acidosis |
| Protein sources include much more than just meat they also include? | Legumes, nuts, "new foods" |
| What percent of total energy intake should be from protein? | 10-35% |
| What is the RDA of protein per kilogram of body weight per day? | 0.8 grams |
| The risks of too much dietary protein include what diseases? | High cholesterol, heart disease and kidney disease |
| What occurs if the blood becomes too basic (alkaline) | Alkalosis |
| What are examples of common electrolytes? | Sodium & potassium |
| Electrically charged atoms that assist in maintaining fluid balance | Electrolytes |
| Special proteins that are critical to immune function | Antibodies |
| What is each antibody designed to do? | Destroy one specific invader |
| Fat cannot be converted into _________, but body proteins can be broken down and converted into ______to provide needed energy to the brain (same answer for both blanks) | Glucose |
| What highly specialized procedure referred to as ________ _________ is used to determine a person's protein needs? | Nitrogen balance |
| Needed for periods of growth, pregnancy, recovery from illness, or protein deficiency | Positive nitrogen balance |
| Results from starvation, consumption of very low energy diets, severe illness, infections, serious urns or injuries | Negative nitrogen balance |
| Found in healthy adults who are not pregnant | Nitrogen balance |
| Three disorders that are linked in some research to high protein intakes are? | Bone loss, kidney disease, and coronary heart disease |
| What diseases that can follow protein-calorie malnutrition? | Marasmus & kwashiorkor |
| The consequences of marasmus are? | Wasting and weakening of muscles, stunted brain development learning impairment. Anemia |
| What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor disease? | Retarded growth Weight loss Development of sores Dry brittle hair |
| What kind of vegetarian diet eats eggs, vegetables, grains, nuts, fruit, legumes and dairy products? | Lacto-ovovegetarian |
| What kind of vegetarian diet eats vegetables, grains, nuts, fruits, legumes and dairy products? | Lacto-vegetarian |
| Only eats raw or dried fruit, seeds, nuts, honey and vegetable oil | Fruitarian |
| Only plant-based foods | Vegan |
| Why do people choose Vegetarianism? | Religious, ethical, food-safety reasons, health benefits, ecological benefits, |
Created by:
Bcarson0326
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