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68WM6 Bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abduction | Movement of a body part AWAY from the midline.(abduct=to take away) |
| Adduction | Movement of a body part TOWARD the midline. |
| Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints. |
| Circumduction | Movement of a body part, such as limb, so that the end follows a circular path. |
| Compact Bone | Dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons (haversian system) with no spaces. |
| Condyle | A rounded process of a bone, usually forming a joint. |
| Crest | A ridgelike projection of a bone. |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone. |
| Endochondral Bones | bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue. |
| Endosteum | Tissue lining the medullary cavity within a bone. |
| Epicondyle | A projection of bone above a condyle. |
| Epiphyseal Plate | Cartaginous layer within the long bone epiphysis that grows. |
| Epiphyses | The end of a long bone. |
| Eversion | Outward turning movement of the foot so that the sole faces laterally. |
| Extension | Movement increasing the angle between parts at a joint. |
| Flexion | Bending at a joint that decreases the angle between bones. |
| Fontanel | Membranous region between certain cranial bones in the skull of a fetus or infant. |
| Foramen | An opening, usually in a bone o r membrane. |
| Fossa | A depression in a bone or other part. |
| Hematopoiesis | The production of blood cells from dividing stem and progenitor cells. |
| Intramembranous Bones | Bone that forms from membrane like layers of primitive connective tissues. |
| Levers | A simple mechanical device consisting of a rod, fulcrum, wieght, and a source of energy that is applied to some point on the rod. |
| Marrow | Connective tissue in spaces within bones that includes blood forming stem and progenitor cells. |
| Medullary Cavity | A cavity containing marrow within the diaphysis of a long bone. |
| Osteoclasts | A cell that erodes bone. |
| Osteocytes | A mature bone cell. |
| Osteoblasts | A bone forming cell. |
| Periosteum | A fibrous connective tissue covering on the surface of a bone. |
| Process | A prominent bone projection. |
| Pronation | Turning the palm of the hand downward while the forearm is parallel to the ground. |
| Protraction | A forward movement of a body part. |
| Retraction | Movement of a part toward the back. |
| Rotation | Movement turning a body part on its longitudinal axis. |
| Sinus | A cavity or space in a bone, or other body part. |
| Spongy Bone | Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone. |
| Supination | Turning the palm of the hand upward while the forearm is parallel to the ground. |
| Suture | An immovable joint. |
| Trochanter | A broad process (prominent bone projection) on a bone. |
| Tubercle | A small, rounded process on a bone. |
| Tuberosity | An elevation or protuberance on a bone. |
| What is the purpose of bones? | To provide a rigid framework and support structure for the whole body. |
| Bones are a safety deposit box for _____. | Calcium |
| Bone tissue contains lesser amounts of: | MagnesiumSodiumPotassiumCarbonate Ions |
| The two types of bone marrow are? | Red and Yellow |
| What are the different types of bones? | LongShortFlatIrregular |
| Compact Bone (cortical bone) | Hard, dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons with no spaces. |
| Function of Compact Bones | Provides strength and resistance to bending.The wall of the diaphysis is mainly composed of compact bone. |
| When does bone formation begin? | The first few weeks of embryonic life and continues throughout adulthood. |
| Intramembranous Bone Formation | Develop from layers of connective tissue.Most simple and direct form of ossification.Skull bones and clavicles are formed in this manner. |
| Endochondral Bone Formation | Develops first as hyaline cartilage, which is later replaced by bone tissue.All other bones are formed in this manner. |
| The human skeleton has two divisions they are: | Axial and Appendicular |
| Axial Skeleton | Consists of bony and cartilaginious parts that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Consists of the bones in the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton. |
| How many bones are in the skull? | 22 Bones (8 Cranial Bones and 14 Facial Bones) |
| Frontal Bone | Anterior portion of the skull above the eyes. |
| Paretial Bones | One parietial bone is located on each side of the skull just behind the frontal bone. |
| Occipital Bone | Forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium. |
| Temporal Bones | Form parts of the side and the base of the cranium. |
| Sphenoid Bone | Forms the central part of the floor of the cranium. |
| Ethmoid Bone | Form part of the roof of the nasal cavity. |
| Sutures: | Joints between the 8 cranial bones. |
| Sagittal: | midline between the two parietal bones. |
| Coronal: | between the frontal bone and the parietal bones. |
| Lambdoidal: | between the occipital and parietal bones. |
| Squamosal: | between the temporal and parietal bones. |
| Facial Skeleton: | Thirteen immovable bones and a moveable lower jawbone. |
| Facial Skeleton: | Form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for muscles. |
| Facial bones include: | Maxillae.Palatine.Zygomatic.Lacrimal.Nasal.Vomer.Inferior nasal conchae.Mandible. |
| Infantile skull: | *Incompletely developed, with fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones. *These membranous areas are called fontanels (soft spots). |
| Vertebral Column: | Consist of 26 vertebrae, separated by intervertebral disks. |
| Vertebral Column: | Extends from the base of the skull into the pelvic girdle. |
| The vertebral column is divided into five different sections: | CervicalThoracicLumbarSacrumCoccyx |
| Cervical Vertebrae | Consist of 7 vertebrae |
| Thoracic Vertebrae | Consist of 12 vertebrae. |
| True or false? Thoracic vertebrae are larger than cervical vertebrae. | TRUE!!! |
| Lumbar Vertebrae | Consist of 5 vertebrae. |
| Sacrum | Triangular structure, composed of five fused vertebrae. |
| Coccyx | The lowest part of the vertebral column.Composed of four fused vertebrae. |
| Thoracic Cage: | Contains 12 pairs of ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and costal cartilages. |
| This protects visceral organs and plays a role in breathing. | Thoracic Cage |
| Sternum: | Located midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage. |
| Sternum the flat, elongated bone develops in three parts: | Manubrium: the top portion. Articluates with the clavicles by facets on its superior border.Body: the middle portion. Xiphoid process: the bottom portion. |
| Pectoral Girdle: | Composed of two clavicles and two scapulae. Forms an incomplete ring that supports the upper limbs and is an attachment for several muscles that move them. |
| Clavicles: | Located horizontally between the manubrium and the scapulae.Function is to hold the shoulders in place and provide attachments for the muscles of the upper limbs, chest and back. |
| Scapulae: | Broad, triangular bones.The spine divides the posterior surface of each scapula into unequal portions. |
| Humerus: | Extends from the glenoid cavity of the scapula to the elbow.Second largest bone in the body.Articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow. |
| Radius: | Extends from the elbow to the wrist and crosses over the ulna when the hand is turned so that the palm faces backward.Articulates with the humerus, ulna, and wrist. |
| Ulna: | Longer than the radius and overlaps the end of the humerus posteriorly.At the proximal end, articulates with the humerus.At the distal end, articulates with the radius laterally and with a disk of fibrocartilage inferiorly. |
| Hand: | Composed of 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 5 sets of phalanges. |
| Carpal Bones: | Eight small carpal bones are firmly bound in two rows of four bones called the carpus. |
| Pelvic Girdle | Consists of two coxae bones that articulate with each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly. |
| These form the bowl shaped pelvis. | The sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic girdle. |
| Femur: | Longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee. |
| Patella | kneecap |
| Foot: | consists of 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 5 sets of phalanges. |
| Cartilaginous Joint | Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement.Connected by disks of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.Vertebrae connected to each other by fibrocartilage as are the two pubis bones. |
| Synovial Joints | Most joints in the skeletal system, which allow free movement. |
| Synovial joints are classified as: | Ball and Socket.Condyloid.Gliding.Hinge.Pivot.Saddle. |
| Ball-and-Socket Joint | Ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with the cup-shaped socket of another. (i.e. shoulder & hip joints) |
Created by:
NurseMaryK
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