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Biology Ch. 5 vocab
Biology Ch.5 vocab Mrs. Ryan
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetyl-Co A | molecule derived from glucose and fatty acid metabolism; compound that enters the Krebs cycle |
| aerobic | term for processes that require oxygen |
| anaerobic | term for processes not requiring oxygen |
| ATP synthetase | protein channel in a membrane through which protons are pumped to produce ATP |
| Calvin cycle | the second major pathway in photosynthesis involving carbon fixation and carbohydrate formation |
| carbon fixation | process by which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic compounds |
| carotenoids | yellow and orange plant pigments that aid in photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll | green pigment molecule responsible for trapping light energy in photosynthesis |
| consumer | organism that must obtain energy to build its molecules by consuming other organisms; heterotroph |
| crop | plant cultivated for use my humans |
| electromagnetic spectrum | total range of all electromagnetic waves |
| electron transport chain | series of molecules in an inner cell membrane throught which high-energy electrons are passed to pump protons across the membrane and generate ATP by chemiosmosis |
| fermentation | anaerobic pathway of cellular respiration that converts pyruvate to either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide |
| food chain | linear pathway of energy transfer in an ecosystem |
| glycolysis | biochemical pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate |
| granum | stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| Krebs cycle | cyclic biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that uses pyruvate from glycolysis, releases CO2, and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2 |
| NADP+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ; oxidized form of a coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier in oxidation-reduction reactions of cell metabolism |
| NADPH | reduced form of NADP+ |
| oxidative respiration | aerobic chemical reactions that follow glycolysis and that produce large amounts of ATP |
| photon | unit of electromagnetic energy |
| photosystem | cluster of pigments and other associated molecules in a thylakoid membrane that gather light energy and boost an electron to a higher energy state |
| photosystem I | photosystem that boosts electrons to a higher energy state by absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm |
| photosystem II | photosystem that boosts electrons to a higher energy state by absorbing light with a wavelength of 680 nm |
| pigment | molecule containing atoms that enable it to absorb certain wavelengths of light |
| producer | organism that makes its own food from energy and carbon atoms in its environment; autotroph |
| pyruvate | salt of pyruvic acid that is produced by the breakdown of glucose during glycosis |
| radiant energy | energy, such as light, that is transmitted in waves that can travel through a vacuum |
| reaction center | area of a photosystem where an electron is boosted and leaves a chlorophyll a molecule |
| reducing power | ready supply of attachable hydrogen atoms that can be used for reduction |
| stroma | fluid matrix of the chloroplast |
| thylakoid | internal membrane-bound sac of a chloroplast |
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rachey3691
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