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IGHS Winkels
Biology Chapter 8
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Autotrophs | organisms such as plants that make their own food |
Heterotrophs | obtain energy from the food they consume (animals) |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy |
Photosynthesis | plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen |
Pigments | light-absorbing molecules that help plants gather energy |
Chlorophyll | a plant's principal pigment |
Thylakoids | saclike photosynthetic membranes contained in chloroplasts |
Photosystems | clusters which are the light-collecting units of the chloroplast |
Stroma | the region outside the thylakoid membranes where the Calvin Cycle takes place |
NADP+ | NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+). This converts the NADP+ into NADPH. |
Light-dependent reactions | require light to produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH |
ATP synthase | a protein in the cell membrane that spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it |
Calvin Cycle | plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars |