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IGHS Winkels
Biology Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autotrophs | organisms such as plants that make their own food |
| Heterotrophs | obtain energy from the food they consume (animals) |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy |
| Photosynthesis | plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen |
| Pigments | light-absorbing molecules that help plants gather energy |
| Chlorophyll | a plant's principal pigment |
| Thylakoids | saclike photosynthetic membranes contained in chloroplasts |
| Photosystems | clusters which are the light-collecting units of the chloroplast |
| Stroma | the region outside the thylakoid membranes where the Calvin Cycle takes place |
| NADP+ | NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+). This converts the NADP+ into NADPH. |
| Light-dependent reactions | require light to produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH |
| ATP synthase | a protein in the cell membrane that spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it |
| Calvin Cycle | plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars |
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Winkels