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biology 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| permeable | substances easily pass through the membrane |
| semipermeable | some substances are able to pass through the membrane |
| impermeable | nothing can get through the membrane |
| homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment |
| cytolysis | causing of cells to burst |
| crenation | shrinking of cells |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of protoplasm from the cell wall of a plant due to water loss from osmosis, resulting in gaps between the cell wall and the cell memebrane |
| dialysis | separation of particles in a liquid on the basis of differences in their ability to cross a membrane |
| brownian movement | movement caused by the bombardment of water molecules that causes the jiggling of stain particles |
| diffusion | particles moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| hypertonic | lesser concentration of solute |
| hypotonic | higher concentration of solute |
| isotonic | concentration of two solutions is the same |
| ringer's solution | saline solution that usually contains sodium chloride, salts of potassium and calcium |
| concentration gradient | particles moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles |
| structure of a membrane and why they work to control movement of materials in and out of cells | thin, flexible barrier surrounding cells- provide protection and support |
| materials that enter the cell through the phospholipid layer and effects | gasses, uncharged polar molecules- aided by passive diffusion, keep cells in balance |
| three examples of active transport | molecular transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis |
| what cell type has greater turgor pressure | plant cell |
| what cell structure allows this higher turgor pressure to build up | cell wall |
| what do contractile vacuoles do for aquatic animals and why is it important | get rid of excess water- so they don't get too full and explode |
| what is the source of usable energy by the cell during active transport | atp |
| what is the relationship between molecular weight of materials and the rate of diffusion | heavier they are the slower they diffuse |
| three major factors that help determine whether materials are permeable to membranes or not | size, condition inside and outside the membrane, concentrations of solutes and water, size of the membrane |
| three factors taht can influence the rate of diffusion | temperature, concentration difference, pressure |
| solution has a dissolved particle concentration of 10% and a red blood cell is placed in the solution, what will happen to the cell and why | it will shrink- the sodium is causing the water to leave the cell |
| osmometer is set up, the solution in the dialysis bag contains a 10% starch solution, the solution surrounding the bag contains a 20% starch solution, if starch is not permeable to the membrane, which direction will osmosis occur and why | solution will go out of the bag because it is more concentrated |
| most common type of membrane in biological systems | semi permiable |
| what cell structure is responsible for regulating osmotic control of the cell contents | cell membrane |
| what substance would most likely pass through the membrane somewhere other than the pore | chloroform |
| are water and mRNA compounds permeable through the nuclear membrane | yes |
| what cell organelle is used to transport water out of an animal cell in an aquatic freshwater environment | contractile vacuole |
| do all particles pass into the cell through the cell's pores | no |
| do water molecules move in and out of cells placed in an isotonic solutions | yes |
| what is the inner and outer layer of the cell membrane made from | proteins and lipids |
| would turgor pressure be greater in animal cells than plant cells | plant cells |
| does the plasma membrane draw away from the cell wall in plants during plasmolysis | yes |
| salt water cell is left in the same concentration of salt water | stay the same |
| red blood cell is put into distilled water | swell |
| a fresh water animal cell is put into distilled water | swell |
| red blood cell is put into salt water | shrink |
| salt water animal cell is put in fresh water | swell |
| is osmosis an example of active transport | no |
| are contactile vacuoles very common in cells in a hypertonic solution | no |
| would cells that have been placed in a solution with a 100% water concentration return back to their original condition if placed in a hypotonic solution | no |
| is active transport a movement of particles against a concentration gradient | yes |
| would potassium permanganate, methylene blue, glucose, or iodine diffuse through water more rapidly | iodine |
| are cell pumps, permease, diffusion, and pinocytosis all forms of active transport | no |
| what salt solution is often used in physiological experiments | ringer's solution |
| where do chloroplasts move when a plant cell is placed in a salt solution | towards the center |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system |
| what compound is used to test for the presence of salt | silver nitrate |
| what cell structure allows turgor pressure in plants to build up | cell walls |
| what cell structure aids many one celled organisms in aquatic environments eliminates excess water | contractile vacuole |
Created by:
kisland
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