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Minerals and Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 main types of crystal structure? | Cubic,hexagonal,and tetragonal |
| What is a cubic crystal structure? What are examples of cubic crystal structure? | Like a cube and pyrite and halite |
| What is a hexagonal crystal structure? What is an example of a hexagonal crystal structure? | Like a hexagon however it might be cut in half. Quartz |
| What is a tetragonal crystal structure? | It looks like a cube stretched in one direction. |
| What is the definition of a mineral/ What are characteristics of minerals? | A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure, and a definite chemical composition |
| What does naturally occurring mean? | Naturally occurring means that it is found in nature |
| What is an inorganic solid? | An inorganic solid is a solid (not a liquid or gas that has a rigid shape) and is not organic (does not come from living matter) |
| What is a crystal structure? | Particles of a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again. This repeating pattern forms a solid called a crystal. A crystal has flat sides, called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners |
| How do minerals form? | Minerals form atom by atom to create a crystal structure |
| What are other names for pure quartz and what does it look like? | It's other names are rock crystal or clear quartz. It is colorless and transparent |
| What are common colored varieties of quartz? | Citrine, amethyst, rose quartz, smoky quartz, milky quartz, and others |
| What is the most important distinction between types of quartz? | The macrocrystalline vs the microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline |
| What does macrocrystalline mean? | Macrocrystalline means that individual crystals are visible by the unaided eye |
| What does microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline mean? | Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline are that groups of crystals are visible only under high magnification. |
| What color are cryptocrystalline? What are examples? | Cryptocrystalline varieties are either translucent or mostly opaque. Examples include agate,onyx, and jasper |
| What is a special about quartz? | As a single mineral, quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust |
| What is a mineral composition? | The different minerals that the rock is made of |
| What is granite's mineral composition? | Quartz, feldspar, hornblende, and mica |
| What is rock texture? | The look and feel of the rock. The texture is made out of the grain. |
| What is rock grain? | The particles of minerals or other rocks in a rock texture |
| What are the three main rock types? | Sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous |
| How do sedimentary rocks form? | Sedimentary rocks are formed when rocks are pressed and cemented together. This happens in four steps |
| What are the four steps that sedimentary rocks are formed from? | Erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation |
| What is erosion? | Particles of sediment are carried away from their source by water or wind |
| What is deposition? Where is it? | Particles are deposited as loosely packed sediment. At the bottom of oceans or rivers |
| What is compaction? | Particles are squeezed together by the weight of layers above.This takes place over millions of years |
| What is cementation? | Dissolved minerals from the Rocks crystallize and glue sediments together. |
| How do metamorphic rocks form? | Metamorphic rocks form from other rocks that are changed from heat and pressure |
| How do igneous rocks form? | Igneous rocks form from a magma and lava when they cool and harden |
| How are igneous rocks classified? | According to their origin, texture, and mineral composition |
| What is an intrusive rock? | An igneous rock that is formed when magma hardens beneath the Earth |
| What is an extrusive rock? | An igneous rock is formed above the Earth with lava |
| What are two common igneous rocks? | Granite and basalt |
| How can a grain shape sometimes look? | Jagged or rounded |
| What does a slow cooling form versus fast cooling? Knowing this, what can you infer about extrusive igneous rocks? | Slow cooling forms bigger crystals and faster Cooling forms smaller crystals. That extrusive igneous rocks usually will have smaller crystals |
| If a rock has shells or shell fossils, what does it tell you? | It tells you a story |
| What are coral animals a relative of? | Jellyfish |
| How do coral animals produce coral reefs? | Through their skeletons |
| What size are coral animals? | Most Coral animals are smaller than fingernails |
| What do coral animals look like? | Coral animals look like small sacks with tentacles |
| What do coral animals use their tentacles for? | To eat and capture microscopic creatures swimming by |
| What grows inside Coral animals? | Tiny algae |
| What does algae provide the coral animal? | Substances that the animal needs to live |
| What do the coral animals provide to the algae? | They provide structures for the algae to grown on |
| What does algae need in order to survive? | Sunlight |
| Where does coral growth occur? | Within 40 meters of the water's surface |
| How do coral animals create skeletons? | By absorbing calcium that is combined with carbon and oxygen from the ocean water |
| What happens when Coral animals die? | Their skeleton remains |
| How are large coral reefs created? | When Coral animal skeletons stack up |
| Where do coral animals grow? | Only in warm and shallow waters |
| What are main uses of sedimentary rock? | For building materials and tools |
| What can Flint be made into and why? | It can be made into arrowheads because it is hard and can be shaped into a point |
| What are sandstone and limestone good for? What is an example of a sandstone structure? | Building. They can be cut easily and two blocks or slabs. The white house |
| What is a clastic Rock? | It is a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together |
| What are examples of clastic rocks? | Shale and sandstone |
| How does shale form? | From tiny, tiny, tiny, tiny particles of clay |
| How does sandstone form? | From sand |
| What is a organic rock? (2 ways) | A sedimentary rock that are made from particles of other rocks. Organic rock forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| How is rock salt made? | It is made of the mineral, halite, formed by evaporation |
| What type of igneous rock is granite? | It is intrusive |
| What type of igneous rock is basalt? | It is extrusive |
| Which part of Earth's crust is composed mostly of basalt? | The ocean floor |
| Which part of the Earth's crust is composed mostly of granite? | Granite is abundant in the continental crust, and particular high mountains |
| What is the color in crystal size of basalt? | Basalt is a dark-colored rock and crystals are not visible to the naked eye because extrusive igneous rocks cool faster |
| How many crystal system are there really? | 6 |
| What are the 2 ways that minerals form? | Minerals form from evaporation and hot water solutions. Evaporation is when water evaporates, possibly leading to the formation of crystals. Hot water solutions works the same as evaporation, except crystallization occurs when the hot water cools. |
| EC: What is saturation? | A solution is called "saturated", when the substance that is dissolved in it has reached it's maximum |
| What are 3 minerals that have only one element? | Gold, silver, and diamond |
| 75% of earth's surface is covered with sedimentary rock, but basalt (igneous rock) is one of the most abundant rocks on earth, is this contradictory? | No, because sedimentary rocks are on earth's surface and basalt is abundant below earth's surface. |
| Which sedimentary rock doesn't start with erosion? Why? | Limestone, because it already starts forming from coral reefs and similar organic materials. |
| EC: Which rock has cleavage? | Mica |
| EC: What is cleavage? | A mineral that breaks easily along flat surfaces |
| What is the main mineral in limestone? | calcite |
| What are two examples of organic rocks? | Coal and limestone |
| What is a chemical Rock? | Chemical rocks form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize. They also form from mineral deposits left when Seas or lakes evaporate |
Created by:
ebab
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