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Geography Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cartography | studying maps and mapmaking |
| latitude | horizontal lines that measure up and down |
| longitude | vertical lines that measure left and right |
| equator | an imaginary horizontal line in the middle of the globe that splits the north and south |
| hemispheres | halves of the earth |
| atlas | a book of maps |
| contiguous | connecting or bordering |
| precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| population pyramids | country's population of males of females in a group by age |
| global warming | when the earth gets hotter over time |
| weather | the condition of the sky at a time and a place |
| climatre | the weather of an area over time |
| evaporation | when liquids become gases |
| condensation | when a gas becomes a liquid |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air |
| typhoon | hurricanes in the western pacific ocean |
| arid | dry |
| deciduous forest | forests with trees that lose their leaves during a part of the year |
| permafrost | permanently frozen soil beneath the ground |
| coniferous forest | forests with trees that make pine cones |
| mantle | the biggest section of the earth under the crust and made up of magma |
| magma | liquid rock; lava |
| plate tectonics | a theory that says that the earth's crust is broken up into moving sections called plates |
| continental drift | a process where the earth's tectonic plates move along the mantle |
| faults | cracks in the earth's; where plates meet |
| weathering | when rocks break down over time |
| sediment | small pieces of weathered rock |
| erosion | movement of weathered pieces of rock, soil, or dirt |
| glaciers | thick chunks or sheets of ice that moves down mountains |
| delta | gathering of sediments where a river ends(mouth) |
| deslination | removing salt from water |
| drainage basin | an area that has been drained by a river and any of it's smaller streams |
| groundwater | water below the ground |
| soil exhasution | when soil has lost its nutrients and has become useless for farming |
| crop rotation | planting different crops in a field over alternation years |
| deforestation | cutting down forests- not a single tree |
| aqueducts | channels or runways used to transport water |
| aquifers | underwater storage of water |
| demography | the study of human population |
| population density | the amount of people in an area |
| birth rate | the births each year for every 1000 people |
| death rate | the deaths each year for every 1000 people |
| migration | moving from one place to another in terms of living |
| emigrants | people who leave a country to live elsewhere |
| immigrants | people who come to a new country to live |
| pull factors | things that bring people to an area |
| push factors | things that push people away from a place |
| refugees | people who were forced to leave a place |
| globalization | when connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike |
| dialect | languages spoken in an area |
| polytheism | having many gods |
| monotheism | having a single god |
| missionary | those who seek to spread their religion |
| mosque | Islamic houses of worship |
| capitalism | system in which businesses and companies are privately owned |
| communism | system where the government controls most economic things |
| GNP( Gross Nation Product) | The value of goods sold domestically( in country) and nationally/overseas |
| GDP( Gross Domestic Product) | The value of goods only sold domestically( in country) |
| industrialization | making an economy more modern with factories and manufacturing |
| literacy rate | the percentage of the population who can read and write |
| infrastructure | the essentials needed for a modern economy |
| per capita | per person |
| domestication | growing plants and raising animals on farms |
| urbanization | growth of people living in cities or towns |
| CBD( Central Business District) | City centers full of skyscrapers, businesses, and offices |
| subsistence agriculture | farming enough only for yourself and your family |
| pastoralism | subsistence agriculture, but with herding animals |
| agribusiness | the use of commercial farms for efficiency and money |
| nationalism | pride for your country |
| totalitarianism | a system in which a person or group has complete control and it's people have little to no say |
| democracy | a system in which the citizens if a country have a say in who governs them |
| tariffs | taxes |
| hot spot | places where magma reaches the surface |
| megalopolis | groups of large cities very close together |
| arable | fit for agriculture |
| NAFTA( North American Free Trade Agreement) | Agreement between the countries of North America regarding free trade with no taxes |
| parliament | lawmaking body governed by a prime minister |
| consensus | general agreement |
| isthmus | narrow strip of land connecting two large pieces of land |
| conquistadores | Spanish soldiers who conquered foreign lands |
| mestizos | ancestry of a mix of American Indians and Europeans |
| dictator | a ruler who has almost complete control |
| cash crops | crops grown for making money |
| maquiladoras | factories in Mexico owned by American companies |
| mangrove | trees grown in salt water |
| indigenous | native to place |
| mulattoes ` | African and European ancestry |
| ecotourism | tourism focused on guided tours through natural areas |
| cacao | plant responsible for cocoa beans |
| santeria | religious blend of African and Christianity originally from Cuba |
| creole | language/people of a blend of African, Caribbean, and European |
| voodoo | Haitian version of African religion with elements of Chrsitianity |
| el nino | ocean and weather patterns affecting southeastern Pacific Ocean temperatures and regional climate |
| triangular trade | slave trade, cash crops, and good traded between West Africa, Caribbeans, America, Europe, and Britain |
| favela | large slums around Brazilian cities |
Created by:
philliplee2282
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