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Module 4 Kozier
Vital Signs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vital signs | body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure; pain is now being considered the 5th VS |
| body temp | refects the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost from the body, and is measured in degrees |
| core temperature | the temp of the deep tissues of the body, such as the abd cavity |
| surface temperature | the temp of the skin, subq tissue, and fat |
| heat balance | when the amount of heat produced by the body equals the amount of heat lost |
| basal metabolic rate | the rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing |
| chemical termogenesis | the stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular metabolism |
| radiation | the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between them; mostly in the form of infrared rays |
| conduction | the transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temp |
| covention | the dispersion of heat by air currents |
| vaporization | continuous evaporation of moisture from the resp trach and from the mucosa of the mouth and from the skin |
| insensible water loss | continuous, unnoticed water loss; ie from the mouth and skin, sweating |
| insensible heat loss | heat loss from insensible water loss |
| pyrexia | body temp above the normal range |
| hyperprexia | very high fever; above 41 C or 105.8 F |
| febrile | patient with a fever |
| afebrile | patient without a fever |
| intermittent fever | body temp alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temps |
| remittent fever | a wide range of temp fluctuations that occur over a 24-h period |
| relapsing fever | short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 101 days of normal temps |
| constant fever | the body temperatures fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal |
| heat exhaustion | is a result of excessive heat and dehydration |
| hypothermia | a core body temp below the lower limit of normal |
| pulse | a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart |
| compliance | the arteries ability to contract and expand |
| cardiac output | SV x HRthe volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart |
| peripheral pulse | located away from the heart |
| apical pulse | central, located at the apex of the heart |
| tachycardia | excessively fast HR; >100 in an adult |
| bradycardia | slow HR; <60 in an adult |
| pulse rythym | the pattern of beats and the intervals between the beats |
| pulse volume | the force of blood with each beat |
| elasticity of the arterial wall | reflects its expansiblity or its deformities |
| apical-radial pulse | assesses for difference in the apical pulse and radial pulse |
| pulse deficit | discrepancy between apical pulse and radical pulse; urgent |
| respiration | act of breathing |
| inhalation | intake of air into the lungs |
| exhalation | breathing out |
| ventilation | refers to of air in and out of the lungs |
| costal breathing | involves the external intercostal muscles and other accessory muscles |
| diaphragmatic | involves the contraction and relaxtion of the diaphragm and is observed by the movement of the abdomen |
| bradypnea | abnormally slow respirations |
| tachypnea | abnormally fast respirations |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| tidal volume | the volume that fills up the lungs |
| hyperventilation | very deep, rapid resps |
| hypoventilation | very shallow resps |
| respiratory rhythm | the regularity of the expiration and the insprirations |
| respiratory quality | those aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing |
| arterial blood pressure | measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries |
| systolic pressure | the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of ventricles, that is, the pressure when the ventricles are at rest |
| diastolic pressure | the pressure when the ventricles are at rest |
| pulse pressure | difference between the diastolic and systolic pressures |
| arteriosclerosis | when the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue, the arteries lose much of their ability to constrict and dilate |
| vicous | thick; proportion of red blood cells to the blood plasma is high |
| hypertension | BP presistently above normal |
| hypotension | BP that is below normal |
| Orthostatic hypotension | BP that falls when the client sits or stands |
| ascultatory gap | the temporary disappearance f sounds normally heard over the bracial artery when the cuff pressure is high followed by the reapperance of the sounds at a lower level |
Created by:
nymph487
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