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Ap Bio, Chapt. 2
Chapter 2 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define - Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Define - Element | a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means |
| Define - Compound | a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined together in a fixed ratio |
| Define - Trace Elements | elements only required by an organism in minute quantities |
| Define - Atom | the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element |
| Define - Atomic Nucleus | the center of an atom |
| Define - Atomic Number | a number writing as a subscript to the left of the symbol which states how many protons are in an element |
| Define - Mass Number | the summ of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Define - Atomic Mass | An aproximation of the titak mass of an atom |
| Define - Isotopes | one of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different amount of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass |
| Define - Radioactive Isotope | and isotope in which the nucleus decats spontaneously, giving off particles and energy |
| Define - Energy | the capacity to case change |
| Define - Potential Energy | the energy that matter possesses because of its altitude |
| Define - Energy Levels | the different states of potential energy that electrons have in an atom |
| Define - Electron Shell | an energy level represented as the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom |
| Define - Valence Electron | an electron in the ourter most electron shell |
| Define - Valence Shell | the outermost electron shell of an atom, containting the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom |
| Define - Orbital | the three-demensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time |
| Define - Covanlent Bond | the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms |
| Define - Molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Define - electronegativity | the attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond |
| Define - Nonpolar Covalent Bond | a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of simialr electronegativity |
| Define - Ionic Bond | a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Define - Ionic Compound (aka Salts) | a compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond |
| Define - Hydrogen Bond | a chemical bond that forms when a hydrogen atome covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attraced to another electronegative atom |
| What are van der Waals interactions? | weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localize charge fluctuations |
| Define - Chemical Reaction | the making or breacking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter |
| Define - Reactant | The starting material in a chemical reaction |
| Define - Products | The end material in a chemical reaction |
| Define - Chemical Equilibrium | in a reversible chemical reaction, the point at which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction |
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tylertwm
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