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11 Biology
Chapter 5, Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| trait | a specific characteristic or feature exhibited by an organism |
| true breeding | organisms that exhibit the same traits, generation after generation |
| cross | the fertilization of a female gamete of specific gamete origin with a male gamete of specific origin |
| P generation | in breeding, the organisms initially crossed and are typically true breeding |
| F1 generation | the offspring of a cross of the P generation |
| monohybrid cross | a cross of two individuals that differ by one trait |
| F2 generation | the offspring of a cross between the F1 generation |
| dominant | the form of a trait that always appears when an individual has an allele for it |
| recessive | the form of a trait that only appears when an individual has two alleles for it |
| law of segregation | traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each gamete receives one allele |
| genotype | the combination of alleles for any given trait, or the organism's entire genetic make-up |
| phenotype | the physical and physiological traits of an organism |
| homozygous | an organism that has two identical alleles of a gene |
| heterozygous | an organism that has two different alleles of a gene |
| Punnett square | a grid used to illustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses |
| test cross | a cross between a parent of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive parent |
| dihybrid cross | a cross of two individuals that differ in two traits due to two different genes |
| law of independent assortment | during gamete formation, the two alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes |
| chromosome theory of inheritance | traits determined by genes are inherited through the movement of chromosomes during meiosis |
| pedigree | a flowchart that uses symbols to show the inheritance patterns of traits in a family over many generations |
| autosomal inheritance | the inheritance of traits determined by genes on the autosomal chromosomes |
| autosomal dominant | the inheritance of a dominant phenotype whose gene is on an autosomal chromosome |
| autosomal recessive | the inheritance of a recessive phenotype whose gene I on an autosomal chromosome |
| genetic counsellor | a health-care professional with specialized training in medical genetics and counselling |
| gene therapy | a technique aimed at treating genetic disorders by introducing the correct form of the defective gene into a patient's genome |
Created by:
honey.deering
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