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Biomolecules
Biological Molecules Review - most important terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organic molecule | carbon-containing compound found in living things |
| carbohydrate | organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy; ex. sugar, starch |
| glucose | a type of monosaccharide; produced by photosynthesis and used by cell respiration |
| starch | a complex carbohydrate made by plants; found in pasta, cereal, and potatoes |
| glycogen | a complex carbohydrate for energy storage in the liver and muscles of animals |
| lipid | organic compound used for long-term energy storage; ex. fats and oils |
| protein | organic compound that builds and repairs body tissue; made of amino acids; ex. insulin, collagen |
| amino acid | the monomer of proteins |
| nucleic acid | organic compound that contains and uses the genetic code; ex. DNA, RNA |
| nucleotide | the monomer of nucleic acids |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; uses the genetic code to produce proteins |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; contains the genetic code |
| enzyme | a type of protein that catalyzes chemical reactions |
| activation energy | the energy needed to get a chemical reaction started |
| substrate | substance that binds to an enzyme; reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy; ex. enzymes |