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Genetics
Genetics - most important terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
gene | a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait |
meiosis | the cell division which takes place to form sex cells called gametes (sperm and egg cells) |
fertilization | combination of two gametes (egg and sperm); results in a 2n zygote |
gamete | haploid sex cell (egg or sperm) |
asexual reproduction | reproduction using only mitosis; offspring are identical to parent |
sexual reproduction | reproduction involving meiosis and fertilization; leads to greater genetic variation in offspring |
alleles | forms of a gene |
dominant | trait that is expressed over recessive |
recessive | trait that is hidden when dominant is also present |
genotype | type of genes; what alleles the organism has for a trait |
phenotype | physical form; what trait shows in an organism |
pedigree | family tree diagram showing inheritance of a trait |
karyotype | visual representation of all the chromosome pairs from an individual organized by size |