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C.H Health Promotion
Test#1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chicken Pox cause | Varicella zoster virus |
| Chicken pox transmission | direct contact with an infected indiviual, droplet, and contaminated objects |
| Chicken pox communicable | one day before lesions appear and until all vesicles have dried and formed crusts (approx. 6 days) |
| Chicken pox s/s | -slight fever, malaise, anorexia for 1st 24 hrshighly pruritic rash in areas covered with clothes-begins as macule, quickly progresses to papule and then a vesicle |
| Chicken pox treatment | acyclovir (antiviral)high risk children may get varicella zoster immune globulin after exposuredo not give ASA- can cause reyes syndrome |
| Chicken pox immunization | a live vax given between 12-18 months |
| Diptheria cause | corynebacterium diptheriae |
| Diptheria transmission | direct contact with an infected person, carrier or object |
| Diptheria nasal s/s | similar to common cold |
| Diptheria tonsillar/pharyngeal s/s | malaise, anorexia, sore throat, low grade fever, increased pulse, smooth adherent white or gray membrane, lymphadenitis (bull neck)in severe cases can cause toxemia, septic shock and death in 6-10 days |
| Diptheria laryngeal s/s | fever, horseness, cough, potential airway obstruction, cyanosis, dyspneic retractions |
| Diptheria treatment | Equine Antitoxin IVAntibiotics- PPG or erythromycintracheostomy for airway obstruction |
| Diptheria Immunization | usually combined with pertussis (DtaP)>7yrs given with tetanus-booster q 10yrs |
| Pertussis aka | Whooping cough |
| Pertussis cause | Bordatella pertussis |
| Pertussis transmission | direct contact or droplet spread form infected individual, or indirect contact with something recently contaminated by an infected person |
| Pertussis s/s | signs of URI for 1-2wks followed by dry severe coughcough more common at night, short rapid coughs followed by sudden inspirationslasts 4-6 wksvomiting usually follows coughing attack |
| Pertussis Treatment | -antimicrobial therapy, erythromycin....-pertussis immune globlin-hospitalization may be required-limit irritant exposure-increase O2 and humidity-adequate fluids |
| Fifth Disease(erythema infectiosum)cause | human parvo virus B19 |
| 5th disease transmission | respiratory secreations and blood |
| 5th disease s/s | 3 stagesI-erythem of face, mostly cheeks (slapped face)II- 1 day after rash appears on face, maculopapular red spots occur on the upper and lower extremitiesIII-rash subsides but will reappear if skin is irritated (hot or cold) |
| 5th disease tx | antipyretics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory |
| Roseola (exanthema subitum) cause | human herpes virus 6 |
| Roseola transmission | unknown, but is limited to children 3-6yrs |
| Roseola s/s | -persistant high fever in a child that appears well-drop in fever to normal when rash appears-rash-discrete rose-pink macules or maulopapules apearing first on trunk, spreads to neck, face and extremities-non-pruritic fadeson pressure last 1-2 days |
| Roseola tx | -antipyretics-monitore fever closely (prone to seizures)-observe closely for those prone to febrile seizure |
| Measles (Rubeola Virus) transmission | direct contact with droplet |
| Measles communicability | 4 days before the rash & 5 days after |
| Measles s/s | -fever,malaise,cough,coryza,conjunctivitis, photosensitivity-koplike spots- small irregular red spots w/ sm bluish white center on buccal mucosa-rash appears 3-4 days after onset of previous mentioned symptoms-begins as a red eruption on face, sprea |
| Measels treatment | -Vitamin A supplementation-bedrest, antipyretics-anitibiotics to prevent 2ndary infection-dim light (photosens) |
| Measels Immunization | combined with mumps, if give before 1yr of age it must be given again |
| Mumps Cause | Paramyxovirus |
| Mumps transmission | direct contact with an infected person, droplet spread |
| Mumps s/s | -fever, HA, malaise, anorexia x 24hrs-followe by earache aggrivated by chewing-by 3rd day gland enlarged to size uually bilateral-boys may have orchitis (inflammation of testes) |
| Mumps tx | analgesics, antipyretics, bed rest until swelling subsides |
| Mumps Vax | MMR |
| Rubella (German Measles)cause | rubella virus |
| Rubella transmission | direct contact and spread by infected individuals, items recently infected |
| Rubella communicability | 7 days before rash and 5 days after |
| Rubella s/s | may be none pre-rash in children-adolescents low grade fever, HA, malaise, anorexia, conjuctivitis, coryza, sore throat, cough, lymphadenopathy-rash appears on face, then neck, arms, trunk, then legs (dissappears in same order-about 3 days) |
| Rubella tx | symptomatic*keep isolated from pregnant women (very bad for pregnant women) |
| Rubella vax | MMR given to children to protect pregant women. do not get pregant within 6 of recieving vax |
| Polio causes | 3 enteroviruses |
| Polio transmission | fecal-oral route and pharyngeal-oropharyngeal routes |
| Polio Communicability | can be present in throat for 1wk and 4-6 weeks in feces |
| Polio s/s | *3 forms of manifestationabortive/inapparent-fever,uneasiness,sorethroat,HA,anorexia,vomiting,abd painNonparalytic-same but more sever than abortive,may have neck,back&leg stiffnes and painParalytic-same as nonparalytic followed by recovery &then si |
| Polio tx | -nonspecific-complete bedrest for acute phase-resp. ventilation for resp. paralysis-PT for muscles-positioning to maintain body alignment and contractures |
| Polio vax | 4doses given, changed to IVP due to sm OVP risk of paralysis |
| Scarlet fever cause | Caused group A beta-hemolytic streptococci |
| Scarlet fever transimission | direct contact with infected individual, droplets or contaminated object |
| Scarlet fever communicability | during incubation periond and clinical illness (about 10 days) |
| Scarlet fever s/s | -high fever, v+, HA, chills, malaise, ABD pain-1st 1-2 days tongue is coated in papillae & is red & swollen-During 4-5 days white cough sloughs off leaving prominent papillae-*rash with pinpoint lesions |
| Scarlet fever treatment | -pen, erythro, cephalosporin-bedrest during febrile stage & enc. fluids-relieve soar throat |
| Hepatitis B Vax | -series of 3 inj.-if contracted during childhood could result in fatal liver cirrhosis or liver cancer |
| Tetanus Vax | combined with diptheria and/or pertussis-after initial 5 injections must be repeated q 10yrs |
| HIB Vax | -protects against haemophilus influenza type B, which cause meningitis,pneumonia, and epiglottitis |
| Rotavirus Vax | protects against one of the most common causes of infant diarrhea-Given at 2, 4 and 6 months (3 doses)orally |
| Pneumococcal Vax | Protects agains streptococcal pneumonia whic can cause pneumonia and meningitis-Given at 2,4,6monts and between 12-15 months (4) |
| Meningococcal Vax | Protects against Nisseria Meningitis (most common cause of bacterial meningitis)-given at 2 yrs and up |
| Fluorosis | grey to brown spots and pitting of the enamel from too much flouride |
| When to begin flouride supplements? | at 6 months in breastfeed infants (0.25mg/day) |
| When to begin iron supplements? | at 4 months to build up before irons stores are depleted at 6 months |
| How to calculate number of teeth an infant should have | take their age in months and subrtact 6 |
| Maximum width between crib slates | 2 3/8 inches (3 adult fingers |
| Why wouldnt you offer spicy or hot food to a toddler? | they have an increased tastebud sensitvity |
| How to estimate serving size | 1Tbsp per year of life |
| Average caloric intake for a preschooler | 1800kcal |
| Preschooler portion size | 1/2 of adult |
| When does the 1st permanent molar arrive? | about 6 years old |
| When does the 2nd permanent molar arrive/ | 11-13 years |
Created by:
jas067
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