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PCS Earth Science
Chapter 8 Vocabulary - Mass Movements, Wind, and Glaciers
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mudflow | rapidly flowing, often destructive mixture of mud and water that may be triggered by an earthquake, intense rainstorm, or volcanic eruption |
| avalanche | landslide that occurs in a mountainous area when snow falls on an icy crust, becomes heavy, slips off, and slides swiftly down an a mountainslide |
| creep | slow, steady downhill movement of loose weathered Earth materials, especially soils, causing objects on a slope to tilt |
| landslide | rapid downslope movement of a mass of loose soil, rock, or debris that has separated from the bedrock; can be triggered by an earthquake |
| mass movement | downslope movement of Earth materials due to gravity, that can occur suddenly or very slowly depending on the weight of the materials, its resistance to sliding, and whether a trigger, such as an earthquake, is involved |
| slump | mass movement that occurs when Earth materials in a landslide rotate and slide along a curved surface, leaving a crescent-shaped scar on a slope |
| deflation | lowering of land surface caused by wind erosion of loose surface particles, often leaving coarse sediment behind |
| abrasion | a wearing away or rubbing away by friction |
| ventifact | rock shaped by wind-blown sediments |
| dune | pile of wind-blown sand that develops over time, whose shape depends on sand availability, wind velocity (speed) and direction, and amount of vegetation present |
| loess | thick wind-blown, fertile deposit of silt that contains high levels of nutrients and minerals |
| glacier | large mass of ice which flows slowly |
| valley glacier | glacier that forms in a valley in a mountainous area and widens v-shaped stream valleys into u-shaped valleys as it moves downslope |
| continental glacier | glacier that forms over a broad, continent-sized area of land and usually spreads out from its center |
| cirque | deep depression scooped out by a valley glacier |
| moraine | ridge of mixed debris deposited by a melting glacier |
| outwash plain | area at the leading edge of a glacier, where outwash is deposited by melt water streams |
| drumlin | elongated landform that results when a glacier moves over an older moraine |
| esker | long, winding ridge of layered sediments deposited by streams that flow beneath a melting glacier |
Created by:
Ms.Sala
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