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PCS Earth Science

Chapter 6 Vocabulary - Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

TermDefinition
sediments pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth's surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation
clastic describes rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and erosion classified according to particle size and shape
deposition when sediments are lad down on the ground or sink to the bottom of a body of water
lithification transformation of sediments into rock through compaction and cementation
cementation process of sedimentary rock formation that occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate out of groundwater and either new mineral grows between the sediment grains or the same mineral grows between and over the grains
bedding horizontal layering in sedimentary rock that can range from a millimeter thick to several meters thick
graded bedding depositional feature of sedimentary rock in which particles and progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom layer of bedding
cross-bedding depositional feature of sedimentary rock forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried across a horizontal surface
regional metamorphism process that affects large areas of Earth's crust, producing belts classified as low, medium, or high grade, depending on pressure on the rocks, temperature, and depth below the surface
contact metamorphism local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock
hydrothermal metamorphism hot water interacting with rock, altering its mineralogy and chemistry
foliated metamorphic rocks whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and are arranged in wavy layers and bands
non-foliated metamorphic rock that lacks mineral grains with line axes in one direction
porphyroblast large crystals that form in solid rock by the reorganization of atoms during meamorphism
rock cycle continuous, dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock
erosion process by which weathered rock and soil are moved form one place to another
weathering the breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface
clastic sedimentary sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together (example: sandstone)
porosity percentage of open spaces between grains in a rock
evaporite a sedimentary rock formed of material deposited from solution by evaporation of water
Created by: Ms.Sala
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