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PCS Earth Science

Chapter 5 Vocabulary - Igneous Rocks

TermDefinition
igneous rock formed from the crystallization of magma
lava magma that flows out onto the Earth's surface
extrusive rocks fine-grained igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth's surface
intrusive rocks coarse-grained rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth's surface
partial melting the process whereby some minerals melt at low temperatures while other minerals remain solid
fractional crystallization the process wherein different minerals more at different temperatures
Bowen's reaction series sequential, predictable, dual-branched pattern in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma
felsic rocks light-colored rocks that have high silica content and contain quartz and the feldspars orthoclase and plagioclase, low density
mafic rocks dark-colored rocks that have low silica content and are rich in iron and magnesium and have a high density
ultramafic igneous rocks with low silica content and very high levels of magnesium and iron, extremely dense
porphyritic rock texture characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finger-grained crystals of the same material
pegmatite vein deposits of extremely large-grained minerals that contain rare ores such as lithium and beryllium
kimberlite rare ultramafic rock that can contain diamonds and other minerals formed only under very high pressures
geothermal energy energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks; energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth
Created by: Ms.Sala
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