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Apologia Biology M11
Vocabulary for Module 11 Exploring Creation with Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Invertebrates (in vur' tub brates) | Animals that lack a backbone (329) |
| Vertebrates (vur' tub brates) | Animals that possess a backbone (329) |
| Spherical symmetry | An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center. (330) |
| Radial symmetry | An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center. (330) |
| Bilateral (bye lafuh ruhl) symmetry | An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves. (330) |
| Epidermis (epuh dur' miss) | An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection (333) |
| Mesenchyme (mes' uhn kime) | The jelly-like substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge (333) |
| Collar cells | Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge (333) |
| Amebocytes (uh mee' buh sites) | Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals (333) |
| Gemmule (j'em' yool) | A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell (334) |
| Polyp | A sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other (335) |
| Medusa | A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles (335) |
| Epithelium (ep ih thee' lee uhm) | Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance (336) |
| Mesoglea (mez uh glee' uh) | The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian (336) |
| Nematocysts (nih mat' uh sists) | Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators (337) |
| Testes (test' ez) | Organs that produces sperm (339) |
| Ovaries (oh'vuh reez) | Organs that produces eggs (339) |
| Anterior end | The end of an animal that contains its head (343) |
| Posterior end | The end of an animal that contains its tail (343) |
| Circulatory system | A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body (344) |
| Nervous system | A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste (345) |
| Ganglia (gan' glee uh) [singular: ganglion] | Masses of nerve cell bodies (345) |
| Hermaphroditic | Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs (345) |
| Regeneration | The ability to regrow a missing part of the body (351) |
| Mantle | A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration (354) |
| Shell | A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support (354) |
| Visceral (vis' ur ul) hump | A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs (354) |
| Foot | A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal (355) |
| Radula | An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths (355) |
| Univalve | An organism with a single shell (355) |
| Bivalve | An organism with two shells (355) |
Created by:
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