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Ch 7 Earth and Space
Definitions from Earth and Space Science BJU Press Ch 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| escape velocity | is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body. |
| force | newtons is the metric unit of force |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| terminator | the line dividing the light side of the moon from the dark side |
| ray | streaks on the surface of the moon made by craters |
| mare | AKA maria big dark pits on the moons surface filled with lava |
| rill | long narrow valleys on the moon that may have been paths for the lava on the moon |
| perigee | the closest part of the moons orbit from the earth |
| apogee | the most distant part of the moons orbit from the earth |
| new moon | when the moon is in the same direction as the sun and above it or below it in the sky |
| waxing crescent | The moon is less than one-half illuminated by the sun but less than one quarter illuminated. |
| cusp (lunar) | horns of the crescent moon |
| earthshine | sunlight reflected from the earth to the moon and back again |
| first quarter | First Quarter. The moon is one-half illuminated by the sun |
| waxing gibbous | Any moon that appears more than half lighted but less than full is called a gibbous moon |
| full moon | the phase of the moon in which its whole disk is illuminated. |
| harvest moon | the full moon that occurs near the autumnal equinox |
| hunter's moon | the full moon a month after the harvest moon |
| waning gibbous | which is less than the full circle of a Full Moon, but larger than the semicircle shape of the Third Quarter Moon. |
| third quarter | The moon is less than one-half illuminated by the sun but less than one quarter illuminated |
| last quarter | when half its face is illuminated. |
| waning crescent | the Moon appears to be partly but less than one-half illuminated by direct sunlight. |
| solar eclipse | when the moon sometimes comes between the earth and the sun |
| total eclipse | when the earths surface falls completly within the umbra of the moon |
| partial eclipse | an eclipse of a celestial body in which only part of the luminary is obscured or darkened. |
| annular eclipse | an eclipse of the sun in which the edge of the sun remains visible as a bright ring around the moon |
| Baily's beads | bright pinpoints of light shining through the valleys on the moons edge |
| diamond ring effect | a singular bright bead remaining on the thin solar crescent |
| lunar eclipse | occurs when the Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its umbra |
| capture theory | idea that the moon was once traveling like a planet and was captured by the earth |
| fission theory | This theory proposes that the Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the solar system. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. |
| accretion theory | |
| impact theory | A theory that explains the origins of Earth's moon, postulating that an asteroid roughly the size of Mars impacted the Earth during its formation. This impact resulted in rocky surface material being blown outward from the Earth, some of which accreted to |
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