Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cell Division
cell division/reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Species | group of organisms that share certain characteristics and can reproduce with one another |
| development | period of time in which and individual organism grows and becomes more complex; development ends with the ability to reproduce in adulthood |
| asexual reproduction | only one parent involved; results in offspring that are genetically identical, or exact copy, of the parent |
| sexual reproduction | involves two parents and creates offspring with some genetic material (DNA) from each parent; offspring can look like either parent, but they are NEVER the same; genetically unique offspring |
| types of cell division | Mitosis and meiosis |
| Mitosis | cell division where the cell's genetic material divides creating two sets of genetic material; the new daughter cell is an exact copy of the parent cell and only one new cell is made |
| Meiosis | cell division where the cell's genetic material divides twice and creates sex cells with HALF the number of chromosomes as body cells; they are gametes. |
| male sex cells (gametes) | sperm |
| female sex cells (gametes) | eggs |
| result of meiosis in males | one diploid cell (cell with full chromosome number) results in 4 sperm cells |
| result of meiosis in females | one diploid cell (cell with full chromosome #) results in one egg and 3 polar bodies |
| haploid | represented as (n); contains half the number of chromosomes of the species |
| diploid | represented as (2n); contains a full set of chromosomes |
| recombination | occurs during fertilization, process where the genetic material from one haploid cell combines with the genetic material from another haploid cell to create a fully functional diploid cell |
| zygote | cell that contains all of the genetic info required for an organism to perform all life functions; the zygote divides by mitosis to form a multi-cellular organism in multi-cellular organisms |
| Differentiation | Cells become different from one another; in the embryo "all the DNA is exactly the same" * certain genes are activated or deactivated in certain cells. As a result, cells become different from one another * every single cell in body has same DNA |
| Mutations | change in the normal sequence of DNA, possibly resulting in a change in the message carried by RNA; may result in a defective or changed protein |
| Selective breeding | process of breeding plants or animals to produce new varieties with desirable traits |
| reproduction | For any species to survive past a single generation, reproduction must occur; two main types Asexual and Sexual |
| genetic engineering | humans use technology to alter the genetic information of an organism |
| Biotechnology | application of technology on biological sciences (ie. cheese, yogurt & bread) |
| gene expression | gene that "show's up" in an organism. an expressed gene is functional; the environment can influence cells to activate or inactivate certain genes |
| gene | a segment of DNA (on a chromosome) that contains code for a specific trait |
| trait | a characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring through the genes |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) the material found in all cells that contains genetic information about that organism |
| chromosome | a thick threadlike structure that contains genetic information in the form of DNA |
| clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| subunit | the section of a DNA molecule that contains a sugar, a phosphate, and a base |
| bond | a chemical link between atoms that hold molecules together |
| template | the pattern for a new molecule |
| expressed | the way that an unseen gene is seen in an organism as an actual physical trait |
| Body cells | all cells except sex cells (ex: skin cells, liver cells, heart cells...) |
| Gametes | sex cells aka reproductive cells (egg and sperm). also called haploids because they have half the number of chromosomes |
| Fertilization | when egg and sperm meet, happens in the fallopian tubes in a woman |
| Hormones | proteins used in the body to regulate and control feedback mechanisms, travel in the blood |
| Testosterone | male sex hormone that stimulates production of sperm made by the testes (organ) |
| Estrogen/progesterone | female sex hormones that regulate female reproductive cycle and influences the uterus (an organ) |
| Uterus | organ in the female reproductive system; where fetal development happens, the hormone estrogen influences this organ |
| Fallopian tubes | in the female reproductive system; where fertilization happens |
| Ovaries | in the female reproductive system; where eggs are made through meiosis |
| Placenta | STRUCTURE in the uterus with developing fetus, only some things can go from mom to baby but no direct blood contact |
| Testes | in the male reproductive system; makes sperm through meiosis |
| Ovulation | release of the egg from the ovary |
| Menstruation | shedding of the uterus lining, also known as a woman's period |
Created by:
mrsflower
Popular Biology sets