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Xela Bio notes
Bio notes cell division
Term | Definition |
---|---|
s phase | the part of a cell cycle (during interphase) in which the cell undergoes DNA Replication |
interphase | The portion of the cells life in which normal cell activities occur and the cell spends most of its life here. |
M Phase | The part of the cell cycle in which the cell divides (contains mitosis and cytokinesis). |
Cell Cycle | a diagram that identifies the stages of a cell. |
Anaphase | The 3rd stage of the nuclear division in which the chromosomes are pulled away from each other by the centrioles tugging on the spindle fibers. |
Chromosome | A highly condensed strand of DNA wrapped up with proteins-only visible in the M phase-Humans have 46(2 pairs of 23). |
G Phase | the part of the cell cycle during the G1 Phase in which a major checkpoint prevents the cell from undergoing cell division. |
Sister chromatid | 2 identical copies of a chromosome-generally shows connected by their centromere to form an X shape. |
homologous | 2 versions of the same chromosome. For example, Chromosome 3 from mother and chromosome 3 from father have the same type of genetic information, but may have different variations of the gene. |
daughter cell | the product of cell divisions. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and meiosis produces 4 unique daughter cells with only 1/2 the DNA from the original cell. |
haploid | A cell that has only 1 copy of each chromosome, shown as an n, which is only 1/2 the DNA from the original cell. |
prophase | The first step in nuclear division in which the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to disappear. |
mitosis | The division of the nucleus; a form of asexual reproduction in some eukaryotic cells including animals. |
meiosis | a form of nuclear division that leads to the haploid cells preparation for sexual reproduction. |
checkpoint | A series of proteins that are responsible for ensuring that specific milestones have been met prior to allowing the cell cycles/cell division to occur. |
metaphase | the second stage of nuclear division in which the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell attached by their centromeres to the spindle fibers. |
telophase | the final stage of nuclear division in which the chromosomes are completely separated from each other and a new nuclear envelope will eventually form. |
G1 | the part of the cell cycle in which the cell is undergoing normal cell growth and processes. |
cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm(everything outside the nucleus). |
G2 | the part of the cell cycle(during interphase) in which the cell prepares for division by making extra copies of organelles. |