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Stack #2652864
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
| M line | A dark band that anchors the myosin in the center of the sarcomere |
| H zone | Light area in the center of sarcomeres |
| A band | Extends the length of the myosin |
| I band | Consists of actin |
| The arrangement of actin and myosin give a _______ appearance. | Banded |
| Basic structural and functional unit of a muscle | Sarcomeres |
| Sarcomeres | Joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| Myosin myofilaments | Thick myofilaments |
| Actin myofilaments | Thin myofilaments |
| Myofilaments consist of two major kinds of protein fibers | Actin Myosin |
| Minute | Small |
| Resting membrane potential | The charge difference across the membrane |
| Action potential | The brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Muscles are named according to their ___, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and _____ | Location Size Orientation of fibers Shape Origin Insertion Function |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Belly | The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Prime mover | One muscle playsa major role in accomplishing he desired movement |
| Occipitofromtalis | Raises the eyebrow |
| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyelids and causes wrinkles |
| Orbicularis oris | Pickers the lip |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscle |
| Lavator labii superioris | Sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | Frowning |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | Two pairs of ptertgoids temporalis Masseter |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | Change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic toungue muscles | Move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Neuromuscular junction | Each branch that connects to the muscle |
| Insertion | The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Origin | The most stationary end of the muscle |
| The points of attachment of each muscle are it’s ____ and _____ | Origin Insertion |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Muscle tone | Constant tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction |
| Isotonic | The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| Isometric | The length of the muscle doesn’t change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| 2 types of muscle contractions | Isometric Isotonic |
| Muscle fatigue | Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| Oxygen debt | The amount of oxygen needs in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
| Creating phosphate | Another high energy molecule |
| ATP | Short lived and unstable |
| Recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated |
| Tetany | The muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Relaxation phase | The time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Contraction phase | Time of contraction |
| Lag phase | Time between application of stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| All or none response | When threshold is reached |
| Threshold | The point where muscle fibers contract maximallly |
| Muscle twitch | A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| Sliding filament mechanism | The sliding of actin past myosin during contraction |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Enzymes that rapidly break down neuron and muscle cells |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter |
| Synaptic vesicles | Secretes neurotransmitter called acetylcholine |
| Postsynaptic terminal | Muscle fiber |
| Synaptic cleft | The presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Prestnaptic terminal | Enlarged nerve terminal |
| Motor unit | A single motor neuron |
| Myofibrils | A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| Endonysium | Surround the muscle fiber |
| Muscle fibers | Single muscle cell |
| Fasciculi | Bundles of muscle |
| Fascia | Surrounds and separate muscles |
| Epimysuim | Connective tissue that surround entire muscle |
| Epi | Upon |
| Elasticity | Absolute to recoil |
| Extensibility | The ability to be stretched |
| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
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