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Science I

DefinitionTerm
Characteristics of bacteria 1. Prokaryote 2. Measured by micrometer 3. Auto and heterotrophs 4. Asexually and sexually reproduce 5. aerobic
Binary fission grows to 2x its size duplicated genetic material splits into 2 separate cells
bacteria and viruses grow in shapes of... coccus- round shaped bacillus - rod shaped spirillum - spiral or corkscrew
bacteria and viruses grown in patterns of... colonies - groups chains - rows of chains (strepto) cluster - like a cluster of grapes (staphylo) pairs - grows in two (diplo)
a small thick-walled resting cell that forms inside the bacteria cell endospore
an endospore helps bacteria by... helping it live through harsh conditions ; encloses the cell's genetic material and some of its cytoplasm;
an endospore can resist... freezing, drying, heating, and a endospore is so light that a breeze can pick it up and move it somewhere else and if that spot if favorable the endospore opens and the bacteria grow and multiply
four key ingredients for bacterial growth are... water or moisture (becomes dormant if too dry and is 90% water) food (some are parasitic and absorbs food) suitable temperature (80 to 100; best at 98.6) Darkness (sun kills them, and dryness)
lines of defense Cilia (stops bacteria from getting in the body) acid in stomach (kills bacteria in stomach) eyes (tears) white blood cells (phagocyte) antibodies (fight and destroy) fever (high temperature kills bacteria and stops them reproducing)
how can bacteria be helpful? 90% helpful; helps plants grow; helps with medications; breaks down nutrients in soil; helps in food industry; gives cheese flavor
how can bacteria be harmful? 1% harmful; pathogenic (disease causing); can kill people; causes disease and deaths
Money TO bacteria bacteria can live in crevices in paper; paper has moisture and bacteria need moisture; money has been touched by a lot of people and has been passed around by sick people
characteristics of viruses Nonliving; can't reproduce on own; no cells; don't grow or respond; can't make or take in food; can only multiply in host; uses the lock and key system to attach to a cell; protein protects inner core of genetic material; can't produce wastes
viruses can be in shapes of... round; rod-shaped; brick shaped; thread shaped; bullet shaped; robot like shapes; complex shapes
viruses nonliving or living because... nonliving because don't have cells, don't use energy to grow or respond, can't reproduce; can produce wasted; can only multiply in a host; can't make or take in food, lack most characteristics of a living thing
virus reproduction (steps) Attacks a host cell; Tricks cell into thinking it’s a protein Enters the cell; Viruses genetic material (DNA) takes over cell; Virus reproduces (Cloning factory); Cell breaks open, new virus released;
caused by bacteria Tuberculosis Tetanus Botulism Salmonella Diphtheria Typhoid Meningitis E. Coli
caused by virus Influenza West Nile Virus Hepatitis Measles Yellow Fever Rabies Ebola Virus Zika Virus
Created by: 23felicity
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