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Chapter 2
Bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bacteria | a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus; prokaryotes. |
| cytoplasm | the thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes). |
| ribosome | A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins. |
| flagellum | A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move. |
| cellular respiration | The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
| binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides, forming two identical cells. |
| conjugation | A form of sexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism. |
| endospore | A structure produced by prokaryotes, such as bacteria, in unfavorable conditions; a thick wall encloses the DNA and some of the cytoplasm. |
| pasteurization | A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food. |
| decomposer | An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water. |