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Term 4 1
Protein Synthesis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Genes are made up of ........ | DNA |
DNA contains information in ....... .....? | coded form |
The arrangement of the 4 different bases along the DNA strand will determine what type of .......... is made? | protein. |
Sections of DNA containing bases are called .......? | genes |
genes tell the body what type of ....... to make | protein |
DNA is made inside the ......... but proteins are made outside the ....... | nucleus, nucleus |
What 3 nucleotide bases are present in both DNA and RNA? | Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) |
What base is only in DNA | Thymine (T) |
What base is only in RNA | Uracil (U) |
Protein synthesis is the ......... of proteins? | making of proteins |
In Protein synthesis ......... ....... line up to form ....... | amino acids line up to form proteins. |
What are the two processes involved in protein synthesis? | Transcription and Translation |
What is Transcription and where does it take place? | When the code contained on the DNA molecule is rewritten into a mRNA molecule. Takes place in the nucleus. |
The mRNA molecule is ......... | mobile |
The mRNA leaves the ........ and enters the ........... | leaves the nucleus and enters the cytosol. |
How does the mRNA move into the cytosol? | via the nuclear pores |
The RNA e........ p........... causes the 2 strands of ........... to ............ | The RNA enzyme polymerase causes the 2 strands of DNA to unwind. |
What does one of the chains act as? | A template |
What is this template for? | A guide the construction of an RNA molecule. |
The RNA enzyme polymearse moves along the ......... template. As it moves c........ n.......... are brought into place to make ...... ........ | DNA template complementary nucleotides are brought into place to make an RNA chain. |
A in DNA pairs with ....... in RNA | pairs with U in RNA |
The enzyme ........ only a ......... length of DNA at a time | Transcribes only a gene length of DNA at a time |
Enzyme recognizes ....... and ...... codes | START and STOP codes |
Last Stage The newly formed ........ ........... moves through the ........ ........ into the ......... | The newly formed mRNA molecule moves through the nuclear pores into the cytosol. |
2nd stage? | Translation |
What is Translation? | Translation is the decoding of genetic instructions to form a protein chain of amino acids. |
The information in mRNA is coded as sets of three bases or triplets called........ | codons |
These triplet code for a specific ........ ........ and also code for ........... and .......... translation instructions/codes | code for specific amino acids and also cod for START and STOP translation instructions/codes. |
What happens when mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytosol? | It becomes attached to ribosomes |
What happens in the ribosomes? | Protein chains are formed |
What happens as the ribosome moves along the mRNA? | each codon is matches with it's complimentary anti-codon. |
tRNA information is coded as sets of three bases or triplets called ....... ...... | anti-codons |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is attracted to the ...........? | attracted to the ribosome |
What happens when the tRNA molecules move into the ribosome? | they bring in amino acids. |
In Translation (mRNA and tRNA) A pairs with ...? | U (Uracil) |
In Translation (mRNA and tRNA) G pairs with ...? | C (cytosine) |
These amino acids join together to form a ....... .... ....... ........ or a polypeptide. | a chain of amino acids or a polypeptide |
Ribosomes are made up of ......... and ...........? | rRNA and proteins |