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TERMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal: | Bones, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, and joints |
| Muscular: | Muscles and tendons |
| Integumentary: | Skin, hair, nails, and glands in skin |
| Sensory: | Eyes, ears, nose, skin receptors, and mouth |
| Cardiovascular: | Heart, blood vessels, and blood |
| Lymphatic: | Tonsils, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph fluid |
| Respiratory: | Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| Gastrointestinal: | Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder |
| Endocrine: | Hormones, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads |
| Nervous: | Brain, spinal cord, ganglia, nerves, and sensory organs |
| Urinary: | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Reproductive: | Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in females; testes, ducts, penis, urethra, and prostate in males |
| Abdomin/o: | Abdomen |
| Aden/o: | Gland |
| Anter/o: | Front |
| Bronch/i, bronch/o: | Bronchus |
| Carcin/o: | Cancer |
| Col/o: | Colon |
| Cyt/o: | Cell |
| Encephal/o: | Brain |
| Hist/o, histi/o: | Tissue |
| Lapar/o: | Abdomen, loin or flank |
| Lymph/o: | Lymph vessels |
| My/o: | Muscle |
| Neur/o: | Nerve |
| Ocul/o: | Eye |
| Path/o: | Disease |
| Pharmac/o: | Drug |
| Pulmon/o: | Lungs |
| Sept/o: | Infection |
| Thorac/o: | Chest/thorax |
| Trachel/o: | Neck or necklike |
| Trich/o: | Hair or hairlike |
| Ventr/i, ventr/o: | Front of body |
| Viscer/o: | Viscera (internal organs) |
| An / A- = | without / lack of |
| • Ad- = | near / toward |
| • Dys- = | bad/difficult |
| • Endo- = | inside |
| • Epi- = | upon |
| • Hyper- = | Excessive/ above/ high |
| • Hypo- = | Under/ below/ low |
| • Intra- = | within/ inside |
| • Tachy- = | fast |
| • Brady- = | slow |
| aemia = | condition of blood |
| • -ectomy = | removal |
| • -itis = | inflammation |
| • -ology = | study of |
| • -phasia = | speech |
| • -phagia = | eating / swallowing |
| Tonsillitis | Infection and swelling of the tonsils |
| Appendectomy | Removal of the appendix |
| Cardiology | Study of the structure, functions and disorders of the heart |
| Perineal | Perineal relating to the perineum-the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva Perineal relating to or situated in the outer side of the calf of the leg |
| cervical | cervical – narrow portion of the uterus, cervical – part of the c-spine |
| ileum or ilium | ileum – part of the intestinal tract, ilium – the pelvic bone |
| malleus or malleolus | malleus – middle ear bone, malleolus – bony protuberance of the ankle |
| dysphasia or dysphagia | dysphasia – disorder of speech, dysphagia – difficulty swallowing |
| elephantiasis | elephantiasis – parasite in lymphatic system causes thickening of skin and tissues |
| •Anterior/Ventral- | Toward the front of the body. |
| •Posterior/Dorsal- | Toward the back of the body. |
| •Supine- | Body is lying face up. |
| •Prone | -Body is lying face down. |
| •Lateral- | Body is lying on the side, either left or right. |
| •Semi- | Recumbent-Reclined position. Lying down, propped up at waist. |
| •Trendelenburg- | Lying down, face up, legs elevated. |
| myocarditis | = muscle layer of heart inflamed |
| pericarditis | = outer layer of heart inflamed |
| endocarditis | = inner layer of heart inflamed |
| cardiologist | = a physician specializing in the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | = damage to heart muscle layer |
| cardiomegaly | = enlargement of the heart |
| -itis ) | = inflammation tonsillitis, appendicitis (you know these! |
| -osis | = abnormal condition cyanosis (of blueness, due to cold or low oxygen) |
| -ectomy | = to cut out (remove) appendectomy, tonsillectomy (you know these too!) |
| -otomy | = to cut into tracheotomy (to cut into the windpipe,temporary opening) |
| -ostomy | = to make a |
| “mouth” | colostomy (to make a permanent opening in colon) |
| a/an | = without, none anemia (literally no blood but means few red cells) |
| micro | = small microstomia (abnormally small mouth, see “stomy” in colostomy above?) |
| macro | = large macrostomia (abnormally large mouth) |
| mega/ -megaly | = enlarged megacolon (abnormally large colon = large intestine) |
| -scopy/ -scopic | = to look, observe colonoscopy (look into colon) |
| -graphy/ -graph | = recording an image mammography (imaging the breasts) |
| -gram | = the image (X-ray) mammogram |
| -ology/ -ologist | = study, specialize in cardiologist, nephrologist (study the heart, the kidneys) |
| Stomato | = mouth stomatitis |
| Glosso/linguo | = tongue glossitis, lingual nerve |
| Gingivo | = gums gingivitis |
| Encephalo | = brain encephalitis |
| Gastro | = stomach gastritis |
| Entero | = intestine gastroenteritis |
| Colo | = large intestine colitis, megacolon |
| Procto | = anus/rectum proctitis, proctologist |
| Hepato | = liver hepatitis, hepatomegaly |
| Nephro/rene | = kidney nephrosis, renal artery |
| Orchido | = testis orchiditis, orchidectomy |
| Oophoro | = ovary oophorectomy |
| Hystero/metro | =uterus hysterectomy, |
| Salpingo | = uterine tubes hysterosalpingogram |
| Dermo | = skin dermatitis |
| Masto/mammo | = breast mammography, mastectomy |
| Osteo | = bones osteoporosis |
| Cardio | = heart electrocardiogram (ECG) |
| Cysto | = bladder cystitis |
| Rhino | = nose rhinitis (runny nose!) |
| Phlebo/veno | = veins phlebitis, phlebotomy |
| Pneumo/pulmo | = lung pneumonitis, pulmonologist |
| Hemo/emia | = blood hematologist, anemia |
| Leuk/o | = white leukemia (overabundance of white blood cells) |
| melan/o | = black melanoma (black tumor of the skin) |
| cyan/o | = blue cyanosis (blueness may be due to cold or not enough oxygen in blood) |
| xanth/o | = yellow xanthoma (yellow tumor) |
| Aden/o | = gland adenoma |
| Lip/o | = fat lipoma |
| My/o | = muscle myoma |
| Lymph/o | = lymph tissue lymphoma |
| Carcin/o | = malignant carcinoma |
| Osteo/o | = bone osteoma |
| Endo | = within, inside of endoscopy (to inspect the inside of an organ or space with a lighted instrument) |
| Peri | = around perianal (around the anus) |
| Circum | = around circumcise (cut around) |
| Retro | = behind retrosternal (behind the breastbone) |
| Epi | = upon, on top epidermis (the top or outermost layer of skin) |
| Trans | = through transurethral (through the urinary exit duct) |
| Intra | = within intravenous (inside the veins, e.g. IV fluids) |
| Sub | = below subclavian (below the clavicle = collar bone) |
| Cardi/o | = heart Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis (inflammation of the lining, the muscle layer, the outer layer of the heart) |
| Brady/tachy | = slow/fast Bradycardia (rate<60) tachycardia (rate>100) |
| Angi/o | = vessel Angiography, angiogram (X-ray of artery) |
| Veno/phlebo | = vein Venogram (X-ray of veins), phlebitis (inflammation of veins) |
| -stasis | = to stop Hemostasis (to stop bleeding), hemostat (a clamp-like instrument) |
| -cyte | = cell Erythrocytes, leukocytes (red, white blood cells) |
| Hem/o, -emia | = blood Hypoxemia (low oxygen), hematosalpinx (blood in the uterine tubes) |
| Atherosclerosias can become calcified and hard leading to arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries. | s– Literally, “hardening of the fatty stuff.” High fat diets can lead to formation of fatty plaques lining blood vessels. These fatty are |
| Angina pectoris | – Literally, “pain in the chest.” |
| Arrhythmia/dysrhythmia– | Abnormal heart rates and rhythms all have special names like ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation, but generically are termed arrhythmias or dysrhythmia, meaning “no rhythm” and “abnormal rhythm.” |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) – | “stroke”. A blood vessel in the brain may burst causing internal bleeding. Or, a clot may arise in a brain blood vessel (a thrombus), or arise elsewhere (embolus) and travel to get stuck in a brain vessel which then deprives brain tissue of oxygen. |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) –rm, a partial loss of vision, but the problem lasts less than 24 hours. | A short period of insufficient blood supply to the brain can have the same signs and symptoms as a stroke such as weakness in an a |
| Aphasia | – loss of speech. |
| Dysphasia | - slurred speech |
| Dysphagia | – Difficulty swallowing. May be related to GERD, esophageal tumor or other causes. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | – Although the image produces the “slices” through the body seen by CT (see above), no X-rays are involved. |
| Gastr/o | Stomach Gastritis, Gastrectomy |
| Hepat/o | Liver Hepatitis (inflammation of), hepatoma (tumor of) |
| Chol/e Gall, bile | Cholecystitis, cholecystectomy (inflammation of, removal of gallbladder) |
| Cyst/o | Bladder, sac (see above) |
| Emes/o | Vomit Emesis (vomiting), emetic (stimulating vomiting), antiemetic (stopping vomiting) |
| Lith/o | Stone Cholelithotomy (removal of gall stones) |
| Lapar/o | Abdominal wall Laparotomy (cutting into the abdomen) |
| -centesis | To puncture Abdominocentesis (puncturing and draining) |
| -tripsy | To crush Cholelithotripsy (smashing gall stones with sound waves) |
| -rrhea | Flow, discharge Diarrhea |
| -iasis (-osis) | - Abnormal condition Cholelithiasis (presence of gall stones causing symptoms) |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | –Severe “heartburn” (regurgitate, backup) into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of angina (pain of cardiac ischemia or an MI). |
| Jaundice | means “yellow” in French.result from blockage of the ducts draining bile from the liver into the intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Hemoglobin from destroyed RBCs is broken down, and in part, ends up in bile secretions. |
| Cirrhosis . | – Literally, “orange-yellow” in Greek. A degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics, but can have other causes. The name refers to the gross appearance of the organ |
| Portal hypertension – | A potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver. The rising blood pressure in the veins between the gastrointestinal tract and liver causes |
| Esophageal varices – | bulging, engorged veins in the walls of the esophagus are often a complication of chronic alcoholism |
| Crohn’s Disease | – a chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowel. Typical symptoms are abdominal pain, weight loss, severe diarrhea. There may also be rectal bleeding that can lead to anemia. |
| Peritonitis | – Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. |
| Guaiac test (Hemoccult, Fecult) | – a special chemical test to identify blood in the stool (feces). Blood in the stool may have many causes including cancer and hemorrhoids. |
| -ptysis | Spitting (coughing) Hemoptysis (spitting or coughing up blood from lungs) |
| -plasty | Reconstruction Rhinoplasty (surgical reconstruction of nose) |
| ABC: | The 'ABC' of resuscitation or life support means to check Airways, Breathing and Circulation. |
| ACUTE: | When applied to a medical condition, this term means 'of severe, sudden, but short duration'. As opposed to CHRONIC. |
| ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: | Onset of sudden damage to part of the heart muscle, usually due to blockage of the heart's (coronary) arteries. |
| AFEBRILE vs FEBRILE: | Without fever. As opposed to FEBRILE. |
| AIDS | AUTOIMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME. |
| ALLERGY: | Sensitivity to a foreign substance, resulting in a physical reaction such as rash or hay fever. |
| AMBULANT: | Able to walk. |
| ANAEMIA: | A decrease in the concentration of red blood cells or of HAEMOGLOBIN in the blood. May cause pallor (paleness) of the skin. |
| ANGINA: | Cardiac pain due to poor blood supply to the heart. |
| ANOREXIA: | Loss of appetite. |
| ANOXIA: | Without oxygen |
| ANTI-ANXIETY (medication) | : Prescribed drugs used to treat anxiety disorders. |
| ANTIBIOTIC: | A drug that destroys bacteria. |
| ANTIBODY: | A substance produced by the immune system to fight invading organisms such as viruses. |
| ANTIDEPRESSANT (medication): | Prescribed drugs used to treat depression. |
| ANTIPSYCHOTIC (medication): | Prescribed drugs used to treat psychosis. |
| AUTOIMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME: | Commonly referred to as AIDS, it implies loss of immune system function. |
| Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy | Removal of ovary and fallopian tubes from both sides |
| ARTHRITIS: | Inflammation of a joint. See also INFLAMMATION |
| ASTHMA: | A lung disease characterised by difficulty in breathing and by coughing and wheezing. |
| BASELINE BLOOD TEST: | Basic tests done in initial stages of a medical investigation. |
| BCG: | The 'Bacille Calmett-Guerin' (tuberculosis or TB) vaccination. |
| BRONCHITIS: | Infection of the larger airways of the lungs. |
| Chronic vs CHRONIC: | Long term (Chronic Back-pain) ACUTE: Short term (Acute back-pain) |
| CIRRHOSIS: | Condition of the liver where it becomes shrunken, hardened and fails to function normally. |
| CONCUSSION: | Loss of consciousness due to severe head injury. |
| CORONER: | A magistrate appointed to investigate the cause of death in certain situations, for instance a sudden unexpected death. |
| CPR: | Cardio-Pulmonary-Resuscitation (active combined resuscitation of the heart and lungs). |
| CVD: | Cardio Vascular Disease |
| DISORIENTATION: | Inability to recognise time or surroundings or identify oneself or another person. |
| DUPEYTRON'S CONTRACTURE: | Deformity of the hand, with the fingers in a claw-like position. |
| DYSPNOEA: | Difficulty in breathing. |
| ECG: Electrocardiogram. | An electrical recording of activity of the heart. May indicate either angina or a heartbeat rhythm problem. |
| ECT: Electroconvulsive Therapy. | Used in the treatment of severe depression. |
| EEG: Electro-encephalogram. | An electrical recording of brain activity. |
| EMPHYSEMA: | A lung disease with loss of lung tissue. Occurs in cigarette smokers. |
| EPILEPSY: | The occurrence of convulsions (involuntary bodily movements) due to abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. |
| EPISTAXIS: | Bleeding of the nose. |
| FISTULA: | A site where one bodily organ has formed an abnormal opening into another. Abnormal passage. |
| GALLSTONES: | A common disease where firm 'stones' accumulate in the gall bladder. |
| GASTRITIS: | Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, with pain and/or vomiting. |
| GASTRO-ENTERITIS: | Inflammation of the stomach and intestine, with vomiting and/or diarrhoea. |
| HAEMATEMESIS: | Vomiting of pure blood or blood mixed with stomach contents. |
| HAEMATOMA: | Medical name for a well demarcated 'bruise'. |
| HAEMATURIA: | Blood in the urine. |
| HAEMOGLOBIN: | A complicated iron-containing protein and found in red blood cells. It carries oxygen to the tissues. See also ANAEMIA. |
| HAEMOPTYSIS: | Coughing up of blood. May be difficult to distinguish from HAEMATEMESIS. |
| HAEMORRHAGE: | Loss of blood from the body, either internally or externally. |
| HALLUCINATION: | A false sensory perception of one or more of the senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch). |
| HEPATITIS: | Inflammation of the liver; usually due to toxic substances such as alcohol or to viral infections such as the Hepatitis C virus. |
| HERNIA: | The abnormal protrusion of the contents of one part of the body into another. |
| HOSPICE: | A small hospital for the terminally ill. |
| HYPO vs HYPER VENTILATION: | Hypo -reduced amt of air enters the alveoli in the lungs, resulting in decreased levels of O2 n increased levels of CO2 in the blood. Hypo- can be due to breathing that is too shallow (hypopnea) or too slow (bradypnea), or to diminished lung function. |
| HYPO vs HYPER Glycemia: | Low or High Blood Sugar |
| HYPO vs HYPER TENSION: | Low or High Blood pressure |
| HYPO vs HYPER THERMIA: | Low or high temp |
| Tachycardia vs Bradycardia: | If the heart rate is more than 100 beats per minute it is called tachycardia and if it is less than 60 beats per minute it is identified as bradycardia. |
| 3 Signs n Symptoms of Diabetes? | POLYURIA - excessive urination / POLYPHAGIA - excessive eating / POLYDYPSIA - excessive thirst |
| INSOMNIA: | Inability to sleep. |
| ISCHAEMIA: | Lack of blood supply to an area of the body. |
| KORSAKOFF'S SYNDROME: | Sufferers show amnesia and confabulation (filling in gaps in memory by guessing); due to the end stage of alcoholism. |
| MANTOUX TEST: | A skin test given to assist in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. |
| MENINGITIS: | Inflammation of the meninges, a collection of three protective membranes surrounding the brain. |
| MIGRAINE: | A headache with specific characteristics and due to disturbances to the blood vessels in the head. |
| OEDEMA: | Fluid in the tissues. |
| OESOPHAGUS: | The part of the digestive tract between mouth and stomach. |
| ORIENTATION: | The ability of a person to reliably establish their position regarding time, place and persons. |
| OVERDOSE: | Administration of an excessive amount of a drug or substance into the body. |
| PALPITATIONS: | Awareness of the heartbeat; not necessarily due to heart disease. |
| PANCREAS: | A gland that lies behind the stomach. It produces insulin. |
| PANCREATITIS: | Inflammation of the pancreas organ. |
| PARALYSIS: | Loss of movement of any part of the body due to nerve damage. |
| PARANOIA: | A form of schizophrenia involving delusions, hallucinations, fear of persecution, and undue suspicion of others. |
| PHLEBITIS: | Inflammation of a vein. |
| PHOBIA: | An irrational fear of a situation, person or object. |
| PNEUMONIA: | Infection of the lung tissue. |
| PNEUMOTHORAX: | Condition with increase in air pressure in the chest cavity resulting in collapse of the lung. |
| PROGNOSIS: | The likely final medical outcome of an illness, in terms of time and condition. |
| PSYCHOSIS: | An extreme derangement of the mind, due to mental illness, with total loss of judgment, memory and insight. It may be a temporary, intermittent or permanent condition. |
| PSYCHOSOMATIC: | Bodily symptoms associated with a nervous complaint or psychological disorder. |
| PSYCHOTHERAPY: | Counselling treatment for mental illness. |
| SCHIZOPHRENIA: | A nervous disorder characterised by disturbances to normal thought processes. |
| SEPSIS: | Infection. |
| ASCITES | Fluid in abdomen |
| Coagulopathy | bleeding disorder is a condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired. Causes a tendency toward prolonged or excessive bleeding which may occur spontaneously or following an injury or medical / dental procedures. |
| Cholangitis | bowel duct inflammation |
| Cholecystectomy (koh-luh-sis-TEK-tuh-me) vs Cholecystitis (ko-luh-sis-TIE-tis) | Cholecystectomy- removal of gall bladder. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of an obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones arising from the gallbladder (cholelithiasis). |
| Abdominal Peritonitis | Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers and supports most of your abdominal organs. Caused by infection from bacteria or fungi. |
| Portal hypertension | Elevated tension in portal veins. Viagra (Sildenafil) is used treat it. |
| Hypervolemia vs Hypovolemia | Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood. The opposite condition is hypovolemia, which is too little fluid volume in the blood. |
| Hyperperistalsis vs Hypoperistalsis | Excessive rapidity of the passage of food through the stomach and intestine /decreased or absent intestinal peristalsis. |
| Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) | is a rare congenital disease characterized by massive abdominal distension caused by a largely dilated non-obstructed urinary bladder (megacystis), microcolon n decreased or absent intestinal peristalsis. |
| Hysterectomy | Removal of uterus |
| Hysteroscopy | Visualisation of the uterus |
| Lobectomy | Removal of lobe of the lung |
Created by:
Abraham321
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