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Block 2 Musculoskele
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| prednisolone | corticosteroid. immediate acting. depression, hypertension, circulatory collapse, embolism, D, N, GI bleed. assess K, BG |
| morphine | opioid analgesic. no ceiling. S/E: drowsiness, dizziness, brady, shock, cardiac arrest, C, resp. depr., antitussive, IICP |
| ketorolac (Toradol) | NSAID, better than opioids. Inhibits Cox 1 & 2. S/E: drowsiness, MI, stroke, GI bleed, nephrotoxicity, blood dyscrasias, hepatic stuff |
| hydromorphone (Dilaudid) | opiate analgesic. 6x stronger than morphine. S/E: drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, N, V, C, cramps, respiratory depression |
| celecoxib (Celebrex) | NSAID. Cox 2. DO NOT EXCEED DOSE: 200 mg/day. S/E: fatigue, anxiety, nephrotoxicity, epidermal necrolysis, GI bleed, bleeding stuff |
| carisoprodol (Soma) | skeletal muscle relaxant. s/e: dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, seizures, anaphylaxis |
| acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or Aspirin) | antipyretic, antiplatelet, analgesic with Cox 1 & 2 effects. S/E: gastric irritation, bleeding, hypersensitivity, ototoxicity, renal/hepatic stuff |
| ibuprofen (Advil) | antipyretic, NSAID. max 3200 mg/day. S/E: anorexia, N, V, D, tinnitus, dizziness, GI bleed, cardiac dysrhythmias. C/I: renal/hepatic disease, asthma, PUD |
| naproxen sodium (Aleve) | NSAID. max 1250 mg/day. S/E: MI, stroke, GI bleed. C/I: asthma, ASA sens., nasal polyps, tinnitus |
| naloxene (Narcan) | opioid antagonist. given IV, SQ, IM. for morphine overdose. |
| PRICE | for soft tissue injury. Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete displacement of a joint |
| closed reduction | "pop" a dislocation back into place |
| McMurray's test | flex, internally rotate knee, extend. check for pain |
| meniscus injury | crescent shaped fibrocartilage in the knee. common in sports, squatting, kneeling, etc. |
| avulsion fracture | ripped support structures of bones |
| comminuted fracture | bone is broken and splintered |
| greenstick fracture | half bent, half broken. common in children |
| compression fracture | compressed by other bones |
| oblique fracture | slanted break |
| spiral fracture | break is in a circular direction, coiled around bone. twist injury |
| extracapsular fracture | break is outside joint |
| intracapsular fracture | break is inside joint |
| pathologic fracture | r/t disease process (osteoporosis, cancer, etc.) |
| transverse fracture | break cuts straight across bone |
| longitudinal fracture | break runs length of bone |
| impacted fracture | bones impact into one another |
| displaced fracture | break with misalignment of parts of bones |
| fracture assessment | skin, temp, ROM, sensation, cap refill, color, bilateral pulses |
| 5 P's | Pain, Pulselessness, Paresthesias, Pallor, Paralysis |
| compartment syndrome | swelling of closed injury. threatens neurofunction and circulation of limb. assess 5 p's and edema |
| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation. usually screws/plates used to reinforce. allows for earlier weight bearing. |
| traction | use of pulling force to treat muscle/skeletal disorders. applied to neck, legs, arms, back, or pelvis. maintains bone alignment, prevents/reduces bone spasm, immobilizes, expands joint space before surgery |
| skin traction | noninvasive. short term (up to 72h). 5-10 lb. traction used. |
| skeletal traction | invasive - pins inserted into bone. long term. 5-45 lb. traction used. |
| fat emboli | usually w/in 12-17h of injury of long bone. s/s: dyspnea, anxiety, ↓O2, SOB, pain on inspiration, feeling of impending doom |
| hip surgery treatment | position pt. on back or unaffected side, maintain abduction, HOB <30-45 deg., no bending < 90 deg. (no more than 90 deg. flexion) |
| osteomyelitis | infection of bone, marrow, and surrounding tissue. usually staph or strep. creates bone necrosis. 4-6wk antibiotics. contact isolation. hyperbaric O2. |
| sequestrectomy | debridement, removal of necrosis |
| primary bone cancer | more common in childhood. gradual onset of swelling & pain. chemo first, then surgery. |
| metastatic bone cancer | usually vertebrae, pelvis, femur, humerus, or ribs. pathological fx common |
Created by:
steffio316
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