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Biology Chapter 6
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| element | a substance composed of a single kind of atom and has certain characteristics |
| atoms | the smallest matter can be and still retain its properties |
| ion | a charged atom( more electrons than protons or fewer electrons than protons |
| isotopes | something that has a different than normal number of neutrons |
| covalant bonds | two atoms share electrons |
| ionic bonds | give up or take electrons in order to be stable;no sharing |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions take place in the body here |
| chemical equation (CE) | how you write down chamical reactions |
| mixture | a combination of substances that are not chemically bound |
| solution | special kind of mixture where one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance |
| solute | the substance that gets dissolved |
| solvent | the substance that does the dissolving |
| pH | the number of hydrogen ions are in a substance |
| acids | 0-6 on the pH scale |
| bases | 8-14 on the pH scale |
| neutral | 7, has the same amount of acid ions and basic ions |
| polar molecule | an uneven distribution of charge |
| diffusion | the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Robert Brown | discovered Brownian Motion (diffusion) |
| concentration | the higher the concentration the faster particles will diffuse, the lower the concentration the slower they will diffuse |
| pressure | increasing pressure will increase the faster it diffuses |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | when you have no areas of higher or lower concentrationwhen you have no areas of higher or lower concentrationwhen you have no areas of higher or lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | areas of high and low concentration |
| isomer | same formula but different 3 dimentional structure |
| biomolecules | molecules in living thing (organic compound) |
| polymer | a large molecule formed by smaller molecules all made up of units |
| condensation | literally means to make water |
| condensation reaction | two molecules are linked together and water leaves |
| hydrolosis | breaking water (when you take molecules apart) |
| cellulose | what makes plants cell walls provvide structure |
| glycogen | how animals store carbohydrates |
| monosaccharide | one unit of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | two units of carbohydrates |
| polysaccharide | three or more units of carbohydrates |
| carbhydrates | main energy source for body |
| lipids | your fats |
| saturated fatty acids | no double bonds between the carbons |
| unsaturated fatty lipids | double bond between carbons |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid | two or more double bonds |
| protiens | run the bodies processes |
| enzyme | changes the rate of a chemical reaction |
| cells | basic unit of living organisms |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | first person to describe living cells |
| compound light microscope | uses a series of lenses to help magnify |
| Robert Hooke | used a microscope to look at cork |
| 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms3. All cells come from pre-existing cells | cell theory |
| Matthias Schleiden | german scientist that concluded all plants were made of cells |
| Theodore Schwann | german scientist concluded that all animals have cells |
| SEM (Sanning Electron Microscope) | scans the surface |
| TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) | allows us to take slices from something and look at them |
| STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscope) | uses electrons to look at living things then sticks a probe into the thing to look at it |
| AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) | can see individual atoms and can move them around |
| organelles | tiny membrane bound structure inside a cell |
| prokaryote | cells that are very unorganized and dont have organelles |
| eukaryote | cells that are very organized and have organelles |
| selective permeability | process that decides what goes in and what goes out |
| cell wall | rigid wall only found in plants |
| plasma membrane | an organelle that has selective permeability |
| nucleus | contains DNA and is the control center |
| chromatin | DNA that is uncoiled (spread out) |
| nucleolus | region inside the nucleus that makes ribosome |
| ribosomes | make protein |
| cytoplasm | clear gelatinous fluid in the cell |
| endopasmic reticulum | highly folded structure where chemical reactions can take place |
| gogi apparatus | transforms and replaces protiens to be sent to other organelles |
| vesicles | moves protiens throughout the cell |
| vacuoles | storage structures |
| lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes |
| chloroplasts | convert light energy into food energy |
| mitochondria | converts food energy into chemical/cellular energy |
| cytoskeleton | provides support and structure |
| centrioles | aid in cell division and are always found in pairs |
| cilia | tiny hairs on the outside of some cells that aids in movment |
| flagella | a whip that aids in movement |
Created by:
Jake Cruzan
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