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Anatomy/Physiology
3rd-4th Anatomy/Physiology 11 Mrs. Eastham's class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | Ability of Skeletal muscles to shorten |
| Excitability | capacity of Skeletal muscle response to stimulus |
| Extensibility | Ability to be stretched |
| Elacity | ability to recoil |
| Epimysium | surrounds muscles |
| Facia | Surrounds and separates muscle |
| Perimysium | Loose connective tissue surrounds bundle of muscle |
| Fibers | Muscle cells |
| Endomysium | surrounds muscle fibers |
| Myrofibrils | Threadlike structure; extends from end to end of fibers |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | Thick myofliaments |
| sarcomeres | joined end to end to form myofibril |
| Resting membrane Potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| Action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor neurons | carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromusclular Junction | branch that connects to the muscle forms |
| Synapse | Neuromusclular Junction |
| Motor unit | single motor neuron |
| Presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | Muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic termjnal | Muscle fiber |
| Synaptic vesicles | secretes acetylcholine |
| Acetycholine | contract |
| acetycholinesterase | relax |
| Sliding filament echanism | Sliding actin past myosin during contraction |
| Muscle Twitch | contration of entire muscle |
| Threshold | when a muscle responds to a stimulus |
| All-or-nothing response | muscle contract maximally |
| lag phase | time between stimulus and contraction |
| contraction phase | time of the contraction |
| relaxation phase | time during which muscle relaxes |
| tetany | muscle stays contracted |
| recruitment | number of muscle units being activated |
| Creatine phosphate | high energy molecule |
| anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic | with oxygen( most efficient) |
| oxygen debt | increased respiration to replenish creatine phosphate stores |
| Muscle Fatigue | when atp is used faster than it can be produced |
| isometric | when tension changes but muscle does not |
| Isotonic | when muscle changes but tension does not |
| Muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of body for long periods of time |
| fast-twitch fibers | Contract quickly but fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract slowly buy fatigue slowly |
| origin | most stationary end of muscle |
| insertion | end of muscle going greatest movement |
| belly | muscles on bewteen head and insertion |
| synergist | muscles that work together to accomplish a movement |
| antagonist | muscles that work in opposition |
| prime mover | muscle that play a major role in movement |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrow |
| orbicularis oculi | closes eyelid |
| orbicularis oris | puckers lips |
| Buccinator | flattens cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| Mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis and masseter |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | rotates and abducts the head |
| platysma | pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly |
| erector spinae | keeps back straight and the body erect |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | aids in breathing |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates adducts and extends the arm |
| deltoid | major abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes forearm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradailis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the finger |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| Quadriceps | extends the leg |
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