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Ch.6 Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epi | upon |
| Fasica | connective tissue outside epiphysium |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| Contractility | allows muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | allows muscle to respond to stimulus |
| Extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | allows muscle to return to original resting length after being stretched |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | basic structural and functional unity of muscle |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | carry action potential to muscle fibers |
| neuromuscular junction | synapse |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholine | contracts |
| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| all-or-none response | phenomenon |
| muscle twitch | contraction of a muscle in response to stimulus |
| threshold | muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| recruitment | increase number of motor units being activated |
| tetany | where muscle remains contacted without relaxing |
| lag phase | time between application of stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of contraction |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| acetylcholinestrase | relax |
| creatine phosphate | high energy molecule muscle cells store |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used curing muscle contraction faster than I t can be produced |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow- twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| orgin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | stomach |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| sacromere | from Z line to Z line |
| actin | I bands |
| myosine | make up H zones and A bands |
| isometric : isotonic | 2 types of contractions |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbiculars oculi | closes the eyelid and causes crow feet |
| what is a sarcomere | space from Z ling to Z line |
| orbicularoris oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| orbicularis oris and buccinator | kissing muscles |
| zygoaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids temporals masseter |
| intrinsic tongue muscle | change the shape of tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscle | move the tongue |
| sternocleoidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers anterolateral neck |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| external intercostal | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expirations |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing dome shaped aids in breathing |
| rectus abdominis | lines the linea alba on each side |
| linea alba | consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| attaches arm to thorax | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi muscle | medially rotates, adducts, and extends the arm |
| deltoid | attatches the humerus to scapula and clavicle and is major abductor of upper limb |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioraldialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg: anterior thigh muscles |
| hamstring | posterior thigh muscles: flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
Created by:
laciejade
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