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ch.6
tour of the cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do Eukaryotic cells internal membranes do? | They compartmentalize their functions |
| What is the basic structural and functional unit of every organism ? | Prokaryotic or eukaryotic |
| What are the characteristics of Prokaryotes? | - Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus - DNA is an unbound region called the nucleoid - They lack membrane-bound organelles |
| What are the characteristics of Eukaryotes? | - They have DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope - Have membrane-bound organelles - Larger than prokaryotic cells |
| Where are the eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions housed and carried out? | Housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes |
| What are Ribosomes? | Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein |
| How do Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis? | In two ways: - In the cytosol (free ribosome ) - On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the nuclear envelope (ribosomes) |
| What does the endomembrane system regulate and perform? | regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell |
| What does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acoount for? | accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells |
| What are the two types of ER? | - smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes - rough ER, with ribosomes studding its surface |
| Functions of Smooth ER? | - creates lipids - breaks down carbohydrates - stores calcium - detoxfies poison |
| Functions of Rough ER? | - has bound ribosomes - produces proteins and membranes, which are distributed by transport vesicles - membrane factory of the cell |
| What is the Golgi Apparatus? | It is the shipping and receiving center |
| Functions of Golgi Apparatus? | - Modifies products of ER - Manufacturers certain macromolecules - Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles |
| What are Lysosomes? | Digestive compartments |
| What are functions of Lysosomes? | - hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids - use enzymes to recycle organelles and macromolecules |
| What are Vacuoles? | Diverse Maintenance Compartments |
| What is Mitochondria? | change energy from one form to another |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm |
| Functions of cytoskeleton? | - helps support the cell and maintain its shape - interacts with motor proteins to produce motility |
Created by:
young kodak