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Heat and Cold
Fundamentals of Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What should you assess before applying heat and cold therapy? | Skin integrity, neurologic function, and identify conditions that contraindicate heat or cold therapy |
| When do systemic responses to heat and cold occur? | Through heat loss mechanisms, mechanisms promoting heat conservation, and heat production |
| When do local responses to heat and cold occur? | Through stimulation of temperature-sensitive nerve endings |
| Describe the effects of heat application. | Improves blood flow to an injured site, relieves edema, provides muscle relaxation |
| What happens if heat is applied for more than 1 hour? | Blood flow is reduced by a reflex vasoconstriction |
| What happens with continuous exposure to heat? | It damages epithelial cells, causing redness, localized tenderness, and blistering. |
| What are the effects of cold application? | Initially diminishes swelling and pain |
| What results from prolonged exposure to cold? | Reflex vasodilation, causing tissue ischemia. |
| What are signs of tissue ischemia? | Skin first appears reddened, and then appears as bluish-purple mottling. Numbness and burning occur |
| Which type of temperature adjustments does the body best respond to? | Minor |
| What does uneven temperature distribution suggest? | Equipment that isn't functioning properly. |
| True or False: You do not need a doctor's order to provide heat and/or cold therapy. | False |
| What is the benefit of warm, moist compresses? | Improve circulation, relieve edema, and promote consolidation of purulent drainage |
| What is the benefit of warm soaks? | Increases muscle relaxation |
| What is the ideal temperature for a warm soak? | 40.5-43 degrees Celsius (105-110 degrees Fahrenheit) |
| When are sitz baths beneficial? | Ideal for rectal surgery, an episiotomy, during childbirth, hemorrhoids, or vaginal inflammation |
| How long should you apply a cold compress? | For 20 minutes |
| What is the temperature for a cold compress? | 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) |
| Why are cold compresses used? | To relieve inflammation and swelling |
| How long should a cold soak last? | 920 minutes, at 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) |
| When are ice bags ideal? | For muscle sprains, localized hemorrhage, hematoma, or dental surgery |
| How should you fill the ice bag? | 2/3 full with ice |
| How should you apply an ice bag? | For 30 minutes and reapply after 1 hour |
Created by:
shrewsbury_sd
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