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AnthropologyExam1
Anthropology Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anthropology | the study of human species and its immediate ancestors |
| acculturation | the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into first hand contact; cultural patterns of one or both groups may change but each group remains distinct |
| Archaeological Anthropology | the study of human behavior and cultural pattern and processes through the cultures material remains |
| Core Values | key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture and help distinguish it form others |
| cultural relativism | values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect; methodlogical. understand method of culture to understand culture |
| Biological Anthropology | the study of human biological variation in time and space including evolution, genetics, growth and development, and primatology |
| Cultural Anthropology | the study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural |
| diffusion | borrowing of cultural traits between societies either directly or through intermediaries |
| Culture | distinctly human; transmitted through learning; traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs |
| Ethnography | fieldwork in a particular culture |
| Ethnology | crosscultural comparison; the comparative study of ethnographic data, society, and culture |
| ethnocentrism | the tendency to view ones own culture as best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by one's own standards |
| General Anthropology | the field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archaelogical, biological, and linguistic anthropology |
| Holistic | interested in the whole of the human condition: past present future; biology, society, language, and culture |
| generality | culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all socieities |
| Linguistic Anthropology | the descriptive, comparative, and historical study of language and its linguistic similarities and differences in time, space, and society. |
| particularity | |
| globalization | accelerating independence of nations in a world system linked economically and through mass media and modern transportation |
| Subcultures | different cultural traditions associated with with subgroups in the same complex society |
| symbols | something verbal or nonverbal that arbitraily and by convention stands ffor something else, with which it has no necessary or natural connection |
| universal | something that exists in every culture |
| emic | the research strategy that focuses on local explanations and criteria of significance |
| etic | the research strategy that emphasizes the ethnographers rather than the locals explanations, categories, and criteria of significance. |
| genealogical method | procedures by which ethnographers discover and record conections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols |
| open-ended and scheduled interviews | |
| key cultural consultant | person who is an expert on a particular aspect of social life |
| longitudinal research | long-term study of a community region society culrure or other unit usually based on repeated visits |
| Participant observation | |
| qualitative research | |
| quantitative | |
| reflexive ethnography | |
| survey research | characteristic research procedure among social scientists other than anthropologists. studies society throgh samplings, statistical analysis, and impersonal data collection |
| achieve status | |
| ascribed status | |
| assimilation | the process of change that a minority group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates the minority is incorporated into the dominant culture to the point that it no longer exists as a seperate cultural unit |
| burakmin | |
| cultural colonialism | the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time |
| Discrimination | policies and practices that harm a group and its members |
| ethnicity | identification with and feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation |
| majority | |
| minority | |
| multiculturalism | the view of cultural diversity in a country as something good and desireable; a multicultural society socializes individuals not only into the dominant (national) culture but also into an ethnic culture |
| plural society | a society that combines ethnic contrasts and economic interdependence of the ethnic gorups |
| prejudice | devauling (looking down on) a group because of its assumed beahcior values capabilities attitudes or other attributes |
| stereotypes |
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