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Earth Science CH 4

Chapter 4 terms ck12

TermDefinition
magnetic field A field produced by a magnetic object that exerts a force on other magnetic materials or moving electrical charges. Earth's magnetic field behaves as if a magnet were contained within the planet.
axis An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to South Pole, and it includes the center of Earth.
geocentric model Model used by the ancient Greeks that puts the Earth at the center of the universe.
heliocentric model Model proposed by Copernicus that put the Sun at the center of the universe.
moon A celestial object that orbits a planet.
revolution The Earth’s movement around the Sun in an orbital path.
axis An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to South Pole, and it includes the center of Earth.
rotation The motion of the Earth spinning on its axis.
Coriolis effect The apparent deflection of a freely moving object like water or air because of Earth's rotation.
equinox When the position of the Sun is halfway between its position during the solstices; it is directly above the equator.
solstice When the position of the Sun is closest to one of the poles; the north pole in Northern Hemisphere summer (summer solstice) and the south pole in Northern Hemisphere winter (winter solstice).
lunar eclipse An eclipse that occurs when the Moon moves through the shadow of the Earth and is blocked from view.
penumbra Outer part of shadow that remains partially lit during an eclipse.
solar eclipse Occurs when moon passes directly between the Earth and Sun; the Moon’s shadow blocks the Sun from view.
umbra Inner cone shaped part of a shadow when all light is blocked during an eclipse.
amplitude The height of a wave from the center to the top of the crest (or the bottom of the trough).
body wave Seismic waves that travel through the body of a planet; e.g. primary or secondary waves.
crest The highest point of a wave.
P-waves Primary waves; arrive first at a seismograph.
S-waves Secondary waves; arrive second at a seismograph.
seismology The study of seismic waves including earthquakes and the Earth's interior.
surface wae Seismic waves that travel along the ground surface; they do the most damage.
trough The lowest point of a wave.
wavelength Horizontal distance from wave crest to wave crest, or wave trough to wave trough.
core The innermost, densest layer of a celestial body. Earth's metallic core has an inner solid layer and an outer layer of liquid metal. The sun's core is where nuclear fusion takes place.
asthenosphere The layer below the lithosphere, made of a portion of the upper mantle, that is ductile.
crust The rocky outer layer of the Earth's surface. The two types of crust are continental and oceanic.
lithosphere The layer of solid, brittle rock that makes up the Earth's surface; the crust and the uppermost mantle.
mantle The middle layer of the Earth; made of hot rock that circulates by convection.
continental crust The portion of Earth's crust and mostly makes up the continents. It is relative thick and buoyant, and is composed of a variety of rocks that are made of a more felsic composition.
oceanic crust The portion of Earth's crust that makes up the seafloor. It is relatively thin, dense, and mafic.
conduction The process in which energy moves from a location of higher temperature to a location of lower temperature as heat. The material does not move, just the heat.
convection The movement of material due to differences in temperature.
convection cell A circular pattern of warm material rising and cool material sinking.
peridotite Very dense, very mafic igneous rock that is the composition of the upper mantle.
Who proposed the heliocentric model? Copernicus
The ____________describes how Earth’s rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents coriolis effect
Created by: tmcnu2
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