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Unit 3
energy and force
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Evaporation | The point at which water turns to water vapor |
Condensation | The point at which water vapor turns back to water |
Constant Property | Property of matter that does NOT change. It stays the same |
Magnetism | The force of attraction or repel between 2 objects usually metal (iron, nickel, Cobalt & steel) |
Attract | A force that causes objects to pull together |
Repel | A force that causes objects to push back or away from one another |
Mixture | Two or more substances that when mixed together can be separated easily (trail mix, fruit salad) |
Solution | Two or more substances that when mixed together can NOT be separated (salt water, sweet tea) |
Soluble | Something that can be dissolved (sugar, salt) |
Solvent | The liquid that does the dissolving (water) |
Filtration | A process using a strainer to separate the larger particles in a mixture |
Settling | Allows the dense materials to sink to the bottom |
Dissolve | To add solid or gas to a liquid so that the particles get so small you can no longer see them |
Ingredients | The individual substances added to a mixture |
Potential Energy | Stored energy. No motion is taking place. This depends on an object's position. Ex. A ball NOT rolling, a still roller coaster at the top of the track, a book on a shelf |
Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion. This depends on mass and speed. Ex. A book falling or a ball rolling |
Friction | The force in which two things rub against each other (It causes things to heat up and slow down) |
Force | A push or a pull |
Pressure | To apply a force on the Surface of an object |
Motion | A change in the position of an object |
Energy | The ability to do work (potential, kinetic, chemical, mechanical, electrical, heat, light and sound) |
Mechanical Energy | Work done from something that with moving parts |
Conductor | A material that allows heat energy or electricity to pass through it easily (usually metal) |
Insulator | A material that does not let heat energy or electricity pass through it easily (plastic, rubber, cloth, wood, Styrofoam) |
Thermal | Another word for heat |
Solar Energy | Energy produced by the Sun |
Radiation | The movement of thermal energy through space |
Heat Resistant | Able to withstand heat |
Absorb | To take in or soak up |
Convection | The movement of heat energy through liquids and gases in currents. Heat rises when it cools then it sinks (lava lamp) |
Current Electricity | The flow of electrons through a conductor or path. Will produce light, heat or sound |
Circuit | A closed path that electrons flow through, made up of a source, path, switch and resistor |
Static Electricity | Electric charge that builds up on an object and instead of flowing as a current, it creates a spark |
Source/Cell | Electricity from a battery, solar, cell, fossil fuels or wind generators |
Path | A wire that a current flows through |
Switch | Turns a circuit on and off |
Resistor/Load | The object you want to work (light, TV, radio) |
Electromagnet | A temporary magnet made of Wire wrapped around a piece of iron hooked up to a battery |
Series Circuit | An electric circuit in which electrons have only one path to take. If one light goes out or is removed, they all go out |
Parallel Circuit | A circuit where the electrons have many paths to take. If one light is removed the other lights will still work and will get brighter. |
Reflect | The bouncing off of light rays from a surface (Enters and exits at the same angle) (Mirror, still water) |
Refract | The bending of light as it moves from one material into another (Rainbows, pencil in water) |
Visible Light Spectrum | The mixture of Colors of White light broken into their individual colors of the rainbow (ROY G BIV) |
Convex Lens | Thicker in the middle, makes objects look bigger |
Concave Lens | Lens is thinner in the middle, makes objects look smaller |
Transparent | Clear, all light can pass through |
Translucent | Cloudy, some light can pass through (Wax Paper, Stain Glass Window) |
Opaque | No light can pass through (Trying to look through a wooden desk) |
Sound | Created when molecules vibrate. The closer the molecules the better sound travels. Solid Carries sound the best |
Vibration | Back and forth motion of a substance that produces sound |