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Neoplasm vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atrophy | decrease in size and function of the cell |
| adenoma | benign tumor that forms glands or originates from glands |
| anaplasia | lack of differentiation |
| angiogenesis | production of new blood vessels |
| aplasia | absence of an organ, only rudiment present |
| benign | non invasive, slow growing, well differentiated, no metastases |
| borderline malignancy | tumor with low malignancy |
| cachexia | progressive loss of lean body mass and fat with anorexia, weakness, and anemia. Due to reduced food intake and reduced syntheis and storage of fats |
| cancer | disease resulting from a group of cells displaying uncontrolled growth, invasion, and metastases |
| carcinoid | tumor of low malignant potential that is composed of neuroendocrine cells |
| carcinogen | chemical, physical, or biological agent that can cause genetic damage leading to cancer |
| carcinoma | malignant tumor of epithelial origin |
| carcinosarcoma | tumor that is a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma |
| choristoma | ectopic rest, due to migration of a tissue |
| contact inhibition | process of arresting cell growth when two or more cells come into contact with each other, allow us to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous cells |
| cystadenoma | an adenoma with cystic areas |
| cystadenocarcinoma | malignant adenoma with cystic areas |
| differentiation | extent to which tumor cells resemble their normal counterparts |
| dermoid | benign cystic teratoma that contains mature tissue |
| desmoid | tumor with dense fibrous tissue |
| proto-oncogenes | normal genes that play key roles in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation |
| desmoplasia | formation of fibrosis |
| DNA repair gene | not oncogenic, but when mutated allow mutations in other genes involved in normal cell division allowing limitless replication |
| dysplasia | alteration in size, shape, and organization of the cellular components of a tissue |
| endophytic | gross appearance of a tumor that is growing inwards |
| exophytic | gross appearance of a tumor that is growing outwards |
| grade | level of differentiation |
| hamaratom | disorganized normal tissue |
| heterotopia | displacement of an organ from its normal position |
| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells in a tissue |
| hypertrophy | increase in size of the cells in an organ with an accompanying augmentation in functional capacity |
| hypoplasia | reduced size due to incomplete development |
| in situ | carcinoma where the basement membrane is still intact |
| initiation | causes mutation within a cell |
| intraepithelial | within the epithelium, ex: CIN |
| invasion | reliable feature of malignancy, disruption of normal tissue |
| leukoplakia | white patch on mucous membrane, may be inflammatory or neoplastic |
| low malignant potential | tumor with low grade malignancy |
| malignant | fast growing, poorly differentiated, invasive, metastases |
| medullary | a soft cellular tumor with very little connective tissue |
| metaplasia | conversion of one differentiated cell type to another |
| metastasis | tumor impant discontinuous from the original tissue |
| microinvasion | invasion of a tumor 0.1-0.5 cm in diameter |
| mixed tumor | tumor of more than one cell type, chondroid syringoma |
| mucinous | tumor with evidence of mucin production |
| neoplasia | abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue and persists in the same excessive manner after the cessation of the stimulus which evoked the damage |
| occult malignancy | hidden malignancy |
| oncogene | deregulated or altered proto-oncogenes that cause cancer |
| oncogenic | has the ability to cause cancer due to a change in gene structure |
| oncology | study of tumors |
| papilloma | benign tumors with finger like projections |
| paraneoplastic syndrome | symptom complex in cancer bearing patients that cannot be readily explained by local or distant spread of the tumor or elaboration of hormones indigenous to the tissue of origin |
| parenchyma | functional parts of a tissue/organ |
| Philadelphia chromosome | t(9;22), associated with CML |
| pleomorphism | variation in shape and size |
| point mutation | small mutation, change in one NA |
| polyp | elevated mucousal lesion |
| premalignant | a lesion that if left untreated may lead to cancer |
| prognosis | likely outcome |
| progression | the course of the disease |
| promotion | causes clonal expansion of initiated cells through enzyme activation or by mutation |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin |
| scirrhous | a hard, slow growing malignant tumor that has a lot of fibrous tissue |
| serous | tumors producing water like fluid |
| stage | the extent of the spread |
| tumor | swelling or lesion caused by an abnormal growth of cells. Can be benign or malignant |
| tumor associated antigen | can be present on some tumor cells and on some normal cells as well |
| tumor marker | substance found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated in cancer. May be elevated in other conditions as well though. |
| tumor specific antigen | present only on tumor cells |
| tumor suppressor gene | act as inhibitors of cell proliferation |
Created by:
kamarsh
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