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Bio Study Sets 12-16

sapling learning assignments: meiosis & genetics

Question/TermAnswer/Definition
Are eukaryotes, bacteria, microscopic organisms, egg & sperm cell cell considered haploid or diploid? Haploid
How does meiosis generate genetic variability? When homologous pairs line up at the center during metaphase Chromatids cross over in prophase I
What does a test cross determine? A test cross determines the genotype of an individual
What happens during the heating stage of PCR? Two strands of DNA are seperated
Meiosis II Sister chromatids fail to seperate Results in one cell that is n+1, n-1, and two normal cells NO crossing over
Meiosis I Homologous chromosomes fail to seperate Results in four abnormal cells
complete dominance when one trait over powers another ex: purple plant + white plant = purple plant
incomplete dominance blending of two traits; both are equally powerful ex: mom w/ curly hair + dad w/ straight hair = son w/ wavy hair
codominance both traits are fully expressed; each trait is shown ex: mom w/ blood type A + dad w/ blood type B = daughter w/ AB blood
allele variation of a gene B or b
genotype genetic makeup of an organism/DNA sequence Rr
gene a protein coding region on a chromosome
homologous matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell
meiosis special type of cell division the begins with a diploid cell and produces 4 haploid cells that are genetically different from each other
heterozygous alleles in a diploid cell that are different
mitosis results in 2 genetically identical cells
Created by: adav
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