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Science Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food. |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food. |
| Heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food. |
| Pigment | A colored chemical compound that absorbs light. |
| Chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria. |
| Stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. |
| Respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release energy they contain. |
| Fermentation | The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen. |
| Cell Cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. |
| Interphase | The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs. |
| Replication | The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA and its nucleus. |
| Mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell. |
| Chromosome | A double rod of condensed chromatin. It contains DNA that carries genetic information. |
| Cytokinesis | The final stage of the cell cell cycle in which the cell's cytoplasm divides. |
| Cancer | A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them. |
| Mutation | A change in a gene or chromosomes. |
| Tumor | A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably. |
| Chemotherapy | The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer. |
| Nearly all living things obtain energy from the energy of ___________ captured during _____________________. | sunlight, photosynthesis |
| During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and ____________ into _________ and _____________. | water, oxygen, sugars |
| During ____________, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the ___________they contain. | respiration, energy |
| Fermentation provides energy for cells without using ________________. | oxygen |
| During _____________________, the cell grows, makes a copy of its ______, and prepares to divide into _________ daughter cells. | interphase, DNA, two |
| During _________________, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of two _______________________ cells. | mitosis, daughter |
| During ________________, the cytoplasm divides. The organelles are distributed into each of two new ______________. | cytokinesis, cells |
| Because of the way in which the nitrogen bases pair with each other, the order of the bases in each new _________ molecule exactly matches the order in the _________________DNA molecule. | DNA, original |
| _______________ begins when mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle , causing cell to divide in an __________________ way. | Cancer, uncontrolled |
| There are three common ways to treat cancer: ____________, ______________, and ___________ that destroy the cancer cells. | surgery, radiation, drugs |
| Explain the two stages of photosynthesis: | Stage One: Capturing the sun's energy Stage Two: Using energy to make food |
| Photosynthesis Equation | 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Write the photosynthesis equation using words | Carbon dioxide + water - light energy - sugar + oxygen |
| In DNA, which nitrogen base pairs with G? | Cytosine |
| In DNA, which nitrogen base pairs with T? | Andenine |
| Which treatment for cancer would one use if the cancer is found all throughout the body? | Chemotherapy |
| Which treatment for cancer would one use if he cancer is localized in one mass called a tumor? | Surgery |
| Which treatment for cancer is only in one organ, but it is spread out throughout that organ? | Radiation |
| What are the six stages of the cell cycle? | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis |
| What happens during Interphase? | The cell grows to its mature size, makes a copy of DNA and prepares to divide into two cells |
| What happens during Prophase? | Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes |
| What happens during Anaphase? | The centrosomes split, the two chromatids separate, and each chromatid becomes a new chromosome. The new chromosomes mice to opposite ends of the cell. |
| What happens during Telophase? | The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance. A nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes. |
| What happens during Cytokinesis? | The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell and the cell splits in two. |
| Explain the two stages of respiration | 1. In the cytoplasm glucose is broken down and a small amount of energy is released. 2. In the mitochondria the smaller molecules are mixed with carbon dioxide and water and a large amount of energy is released. |
| Respiration Equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy |
| Write the respiration equation using words | Sugar + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water |
Created by:
Achenry45
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