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Cell STUDY help
Helps study before the test.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define microscope. | Magnifies objects. -Magnification- how much larger a specimen is when using a microscope. |
| cristae | inner folds that increase surface are so glucose can be broken down and energy (ATP) is released. |
| Mitochondria | energy is released in this organelle from glucose being broken down muscles/active organs have more mitochondria contains cristae |
| plant cell | have some organelles that animals dont have. -cell wall- made of cellulose tough and rigid. |
| chloroplasts | contain chlorophyll- green pigment. absorbs sunlight where photosynthesis occurs and glucose(sugar) is made. |
| light microscope | the model found in most schools. use compound lenses and light to magnify objects. the lenses bend or refract the light which makes the object beneath them appear closer. |
| shape | plant cell is square. animal cell is usually round |
| relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts | they both breakdown glucose. mitochondria uses it for energy, chloroplasts uses it during photosynthesis and makes sugar for plants |
| cell theory | - all organisms are composed of one or more cells. -- cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. - all cells come from other cells. |
| cytoplasm | jellylike material that surrounds organelles. |
| cell membrane | allows nutrients and wast to flow in and out of the cell. made of phospholipids which dont like water so its semipermeable. all cells have a cell membrane. |
| cell size | cells are small because the surface is not large enough to bring in enough nutrients and let out enough waste fast enough to keep the cell alive. big or small all organisms have the same cell size. inside grows faster than the outside. |
| vesicle | membrane bound structure that carries substances from golgi bodies |
| ribosomes | where amino acids hook together to make proteins, smallest and most abundant organelle. |
| nucleolus | in nucleus. stores materials used to make ribosomes. |
| scanning electron microscope | SEMs do not use light waves; they use electrons (negatively charged electrical particals) to look at surface of object. magnifies up to 500,000x. if you went to 100k you may have to cover the surface by a very thin layer of gold. |
| ER | sacks and tunnels of membranes that carry substances outside of the cell. tough covered with ribosomes smooth is not covered found a lot in cells that make proteins, lipids, and enzymes break down chemicals that harm cells. transport proteins. |
| dna | deoxyribonocleic Acid. contains all the information to tell the organelles and cell what to do. |
| golgi bodies | flattened stacked membranes. changes lipids and proteins pinches them off into sacks then ships them out of the cell. help create lysosomes. |
| vacuoles | sack that contains water wast material, food. - makes up most of cell volume. |
| transmission electron micrscope | aims beams of light through thin slices of specimen. thicker pieces appear darker. magnifies up to 1,000,000x |
| lysosomes | break down old cells and bacteria, contains digestive enzymes, the "garbage trucks" of the cell. |
| nucleus | largest organelle and stores dna. |
Created by:
Kayden13
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