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Microbiology
Ch. 13 powerpoint
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -obligatory intracellular parasites -acellular -no plasma membrane -no ribosomes -no ATP- generating mechanism -no sensitive to antibiotics | characteristics of Viruses |
| -contain DNA OR RNA -contain a protein coat -some viruses are enclosed by an envelope -some viruses have spikes | characteristics of Viruses |
| True or False: Most viruses infect only specific types of cells in one host? | True |
| Host range is determined by what? | specific host attachment sites and host cellular factors |
| a complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle | Virion |
| Viruses are classified by: | -their nucleic acid -differences in the structures of their coats |
| -DNA or RNA but never both -single stranded or double stranded -linear or circular What type of acid? | Nucleic acid |
| capsomeres: protein subunits, a single type or several types | capsid |
| 4 different types of viruses? | -Helical viruses -Polyhedral viruses -Enveloped viruses -Complex viruses |
| What is the general size of viruses? | -much smaller than bacteria -less than 500 nanometers |
| Viruses must be grown in what kind of cells? | Living cells |
| bacteriophages form what on a lawn of bacteria? | plaques |
| Animal viruses may be grown in what? (3) | -living animals -embryonated eggs -in cell cultures |
| Do all viruses have the same shape? | No |
| Where are viral spikes located? | outmost surface |
| For a virus to multiply, it must do what? | invade a host cell and take over the host's metabolic machinery |
| What usually causes host cell's death? | Viral multiplication |
| Bacteriophage life cycle is well known and similar to what? | animal viruses |
| phage causes lysis and death of host cell | Lytic cycle |
| Prophage DNA incorporated in host DNA | Lysogenic cycle |
| Multiplication of Animal Viruses: -viruses attach to cell membrane -by binding between viral capsid protein or spikes and host proteins or glycoproteins on the plasma membrane | Attachment |
| Multiplication of Animal Viruses: -by receptor-mediated endocytosis or fusion | Penetration |
| Multiplication of Animal Viruses: -by viral or host enzymes | Uncoating |
| Multiplication of Animal Viruses: -production of nucleid acid and proteins | Biosynthesis |
| Multiplication of Animal Viruses: -nucleic acid and capsid proteins assemble, usually a spontaneous process | Maturation |
| Multiplication of Animal Viruses: -by budding (enveloped viruses) or rupture (nonenveloped viruses) | Release |
| the genetic material of what type of virus becomes integrated into the host cell's DNA? | Oncogenic viruses |
| Activated what transform normal cells into cancerous cells? | Oncogenes |
| Transformed cells have what? (3) | -increased growth -loss of contract inhibition -chromosomal abnormalies (unusual #'s of chromosomes; fragmented chromosomes) |
| tumor-specific transplantation antigens | TSTA |
| virus-specific antigen in nucleus | T antigens |
| Papillomaviruses cause what type of cancer? | uterine (cervical) cancer |
| liver cancer Virus? | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) |
| Burkitt's lymphoma Virus? | Epstein-Barr (EB) virus |
| Virus remains in asymptomatic host cell for long periods | Latent viral infections |
| Disease process occurs over a long period; generally is fatal -measles virus | Persistent viral infections |
| Retroviruses -viral RNA is transcribed to DNA, which can integrate into host DNA -human T cell leukemia virus | Oncogenic RNA viruses |
Created by:
yulissalira
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