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FA GI Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dx : Loss of myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus leading to failure of LES relaxation | Achalasia |
| Dx : Bird's beak on barium swallow | Achalasia |
| Dx : Painful mucosal lacerations at GE junction. | Mallory-Weiss syndrome (Bleeding due to esophageaal varices is painless) |
| Dx : Transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching. Respi symptoms. | Boerhaave syndrome |
| Dx : What esophageal pathology is associated with lye ingestion? | Esophageal strictures |
| Dx : Dysphagia, glossitis, and iron-deficiency anemia. | Plummer-Vinson syndrome |
| List the risk factors for esophageal cancer? | ABCDEF Alcohol/Achalasiaa Barrett's Esophagus Cigarettes Diverticuli Esophageal web/Esophagitis Familial |
| Dx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Autoantibodies to gluten in wheat and other grains. | Celiac sprue |
| Dx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Infection with Tropheryma whippelii. | Whipple's disease |
| Dx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. PAS-positive foamy macrophages in intestinal lamina propria. Non-AIDS patient. | Whipple's disease |
| Dx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Foamy macrophages in lamina propria. AIDS patient. | Infection by Mycobacterium vium-intracellulare complex |
| Dx : Antiglandin antibodies. Blunting of villi. Lymphocytes in lamina propria. | Celiac sprue |
| Dx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Associated with dermatitis herpetiformis. | Celiac sprue |
| Dx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Moderately increaase risk of malignancy (most often T-Cell lymphoma) | Celiac sprue |
| Chronic gastritis due to pernicious anemia affects which part of the stomach? | Type A chronic gastritis. Affects Body (and fundus) |
| Chronic gastritis due to H.pylori infection affects which part of the stomach? | Type B chronic gastritis Affecs Antrum (and pylorus) |
| MALT lymphoma is associated to which GI pathology? | H.pylori infection (Type B Chronic Gastritis) |
| Dx : Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and increased mucous cells. | Menetrier's disease |
| Which type of gastric carcinoma is not associated with H.pylori? | Diffuse type gastric carcinoma (linitis plastica) |
| Which type of peptic ulcer disease whose pain can be greater with meals, hence results in weight loss. | Gastric ulcer |
| Which type of peptic ulcer disease whose pain decreases with meals, hence results in weight gain. | Duodenal ulcer |
| What syndrome is characterized by hyperacidity due to malignant pancreatic islet tumors which secrete excess gastrin. | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
| Which type of IBD presents with : a) Continuous colonic lesions, always with rectal involvement b) Can be at any portion of GI tract, except rectum, and have skip lesions. | a) Ulcerative Colitis b) Crohn's disease |
| Which type of IBD presents with : a) Transmural inflammation b) Mucosal and submucosal inflammation only | a) Crohns's disease b) Ulcerative colitis |
| Which type of IBD presents with : a) Cobblestone mucosa, creeping fat, bowel wall thickening b) Friable mucosal pseudopolyps | a) Crohn's disease b) Ulcerative colitis |
| Which type of IBD presents with : a) Lead Pipe appearance b) String sign | a) Ulcerative colitis b) Crohn's disease |
| Which type of IBD presents with : a) Non caseating granulomas and lyphoid aggregates b) crypt abscesses and ulcers, no granulomas | a) Crohn's disease b) Ulcerative colitis |
| Which type of IBD is associated with : a) colorectal carcinoma b) malabsorbtion | a) ulcerative colitis b) Crohn's disease |
| Which type of IBD is associated with : a) Migratory polyarthirits b) Primary sclerosing cholangitis | a) Crohn's disease b) Ulcerative colitis |
| Which part of the GI tract is diverticulosis commonly located? | Sigmoid colon |
| Pneumaturia is a complication associated with which GI disease? | Diverticulitis (causing colovesical fistula) |
| List the "five 2's" associated with Meckel's diverticulum. | 2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, commonly presents in first 2 years of life, may have 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic). |
| Which part of the GI tract does volvulus usually occur? | Sigmoid colon (where there is redundant mesentery) |
| Dx : Congenital megacolon characterized by lack of ganglion cells/enteric nervous plexus in segment on intestinal biopsy. | Hirschsprung's disease |
| Dx : Early bilious vomiting and proximal stomach distension | Duodenal atresia |
| Risk of Hirschprung's disease is increased with which genetic abnormality? | Down syndrome |
| Duodenal atresia is associated with which genetic abnormality? | Down syndrome |
| Dx : Premature baby. Necrosis of intestinal mucosaa and possible perforation. | Necrotizing enterocolitis |
| Dx : Acute bowel obstruction, history of recent surgery. | Adhesion |
| Which part of the GI tract does ischaemic colitis commonly occur? | Splenic flexure. |
| Dx : Dilation of vessels in GIT, leading to bleeding. Most often found in cecum and ascending colon. | Angiodysplasia |
| What syndrome is associated with FAP with osseous and soft tissue tumors, and retinal hyperplasia? | Gardner's syndrome |
| What syndrome is associated with FAP with brain involvement (glioma and medulloblastoma)? | Turcot's syndrome |
| Autosomal-dominant mutation of APC gene on chromosome 5q is associated with what disease? | Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) |
| Dx : Hamartomatous polyps of colon and small intestine. Hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitalia. | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome |
| Dx : Tumor of endrocrine cells. Commonly located in small intestine. | Carcinoid syndrome |
| Dx : Dense core bodies seen on EM. Wheezing, right sided heart murmurs, diarrhea, flushing. | Carcinoid syndrome. |
| Will carcinoid syndrome be observed when carcinoid tumor metastases outside GI system? | YES! (there will only be Carcinoid syndrome if the carcinoid tumor metastases outside GI system (usually to liver)) |
| Dx : AST more than ALT | Alcoholic hepatitis |
| Dx : ALT more than AST | Viral hepatitis |
| Ceruloplasmin will decrease in which disease? | Wilson's disease |
| Dx : Child. Hepatomegaly and encephalopathy. Fatty liver, hypoglycemia, coma. Associated with viral infection that has been treated with salicylates. | Reye's syndrome |
| Dx : Young women. Liver inflammation symptoms. Positive ANA and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. | Autoimmune hepatitis |
| Dx : Neonate. Liver inflammation symptoms. Biopsy shows multinucleated giant cells. | Neonatal hepatitis |
| Dx : Describe the ALT / AST levels in fulminant hepatic failure. | Decreased (cuz liver parenchyma destroyed) |
| Dx : Micronodular, ireegularly shrunken liver with "hobnail" appearance. Sclerosis around the central vein. | Alcoholic cirrhosis |
| In relation to the liver, increased AFP is an indication of what? | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Dx : Occlusion of IVC or hepaticc veins with centrilobular congestion and necrosis, leading to congestive liver disease. | Budd Chiari syndrome |
| Dx : Liver congestion signs, but absence of jugular venous distention. | Budd Chiari syndrome |
| Dx : Neonatal hepatitis, PAS positive globules in liver. | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. |
| Which type of jaundice presents with : Mixed hyperbilirubinemia, increased urine bilirubin, and normal/decreased urine urobilinogen. | Hepatocellular type jaundice. (viral hepatitis etc) |
| Which type of jaundice presents with : Increased serum conjugated bilirubin, increased urine bilirubin, and decreased urine urobilinogen. | Obstructive type jaundice. (stone in common bile duct etc) |
| Which type of jaundice presents with : Increased serum unconjugated bilirubine, absent urine bilirubin, and increased urine urobilinogen. | Hemolytic type jaundice. (hereditary spherocytosis etc) |
| Dx : Increased unconjugated bilirubin even without hemolysis. No symptoms. Associated with stress. | Gilbert's syndrome. |
| Dx : Jaundice, kernicterus. Presents early in life. Increased unconjugated bilirubin due to absent UDP-glucoronyl transferase. | Crigler-Naijar syndrome type 1 |
| What is the treatment of choice for type 2 Crigler-Naijar syndrome? | Phenobarbital |
| What is the treatment of choice for type 1 Crigler-Naijar syndrome? | Plasmapheresis and phototherapy |
| Dx : Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion. Black liver. | Dubin-Johnson syndrome |
| Which type of hereditary hyperbilirubinemia is due to : a) Problem in excretion of conjugated bilirubin b) Problem with bilirubin uptake c) Problem with bilirubin conjugation | a) Dubin-Johnson syndrome b) Gilbert's syndrome c) Crigler-Naijar |
| Dx : Asterixis, Basal ganglia degeneration, Choreiform movements, Dementia, Hemolytic anemia | Wilson's disease ABCD (also including Cirrhosis, Corneal deposits, Carcinoma (hepatocellular) |
| Name a pharmacological treatment for Wilson's disease. | Penicillamine |
| Dx : micronodular Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus, skin pigmentation. | Hemochromatosis |
| List 2 complications of Hemochromatosis. | CHF, Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Name a pharmacological treatment used for hemochromatosis. | Deferoxamine |
| Dx : Concentric "onion skin" bile duct fibrosis | Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
| Dx : Severe obstructive jaundice, steatorrhea, pruritus, hypercholesterolemia. Increased ALP, increased serum mitochondrial antobodies. | Primary biliary cirrhosis |
| Dx : Jaundice, fever, right upper quadrant pain | Cholelithiasis/cholangitis (charcot's triad of cholangitis) |
| Which type of gallstone is associated with chronic RBC hemolysis? | Pigment stones (black) |
| Which type of gallstone is associated with biliary infection? | Pigment stones (brown) |
| Which type of gallstone is associaed with alcoholic cirrhosis? | Pigment stones |
| Which type of gallstones is associated with Native American origin? | Pigment stones |
| Dx : Air can be seen in biliary tree on imaging. | Gallstone obstructs ileocecal valve. (there is a fistula between gallbladder and small intestine) |
| Dx : Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back, anorexia, nausea. Elevated amylase and lipase. | Acute pancreatitis |
| What is chronic calcifying pancreatitis strongly associated with? | Alcoholism |
| List the causes of acute pancreatitis. | GET SMASHeD Gallstone, Ethanol (alcohol), Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune disease, Scorpian sting, Hypercalcemia/Hyperlipidemia, Drugs |
| Dx : Migratory thrombophlebitis, Abdominal pain radiating to back, Weight loss, Obstructive jaundice with palpable gallbladder | Pancreatic adenocaarcinoma |
Created by:
lemontea88
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