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Med Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the trade name for calcium? | Apo-cal 500 |
| What is the generic name for Apo-cal 500 | Calcium |
| What is the classification for Calcium (Apo-cal 500) | Antacid, Calcium supplement |
| What is the mechanism of action for Calcium? | Neutralizes gastric acidity |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Calcium? | 1/3 dose absorbed by small intestine, excreted by urine & fees, crosses placenta, must have adequate vitamin D for absorption |
| What are the indications/uses for Calcium? | Antacid, calcium supplement; unlabeled uses: duodenal ulcer, PMS, stress gastritis |
| What are some side effects of Calcium? | GI-> constipation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rebound hyperacidity GU-> calculi, hypercalciuria |
| What are some contraindications of Calcium? | hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia precautions; pregnancy, breastfeeding, geriatric pt's, fluid restriction, GI obstruction, dehydration, renal disease, hyperparathyroidism, bone tumours |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Calcium? | 500mg (1 tablet) PO TID (3x a day) |
| What are the nursing implications for Calcium? | assessing for constipation, hypercalcemia, headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, hypocalcemia, parasthesia, twitching, colic, dysrhythmias, Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, evaluating for absence of pain, decreased activity |
| What is the generic name for Cyanocobalamin? | Vitamin B-12 |
| What is the trade name for Vitamin B-12? | Cyanocobalamin |
| What is the classification of Vitamin B-12? | Vitamin B-12, water soluble vitamin |
| What is the mechanism of action for Vitamin B-12? | Needed for adequate nerve functioning, protein and carb metabolism, normal growth, RBC development, cell reproduction |
| What is the pharmacokinetics of Vitamin B-12? | Gastric intrinsic factor must be present for absorption to occur; stored in liver, kidneys, stomach; 50-90% excreted in urine, crosses placenta, excreted in breast milk |
| What are the indications/uses for Vitamin B-12? | Vitamine B-12 deficiency, pernicuous anemia, vit b-12 malabsorption syndrome, schilling test, increased requirements w pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, renal/hepatic disease, nutritional supplementation |
| What are the side effects of Vitamin B-12? | CNS-> flushing, optic nerve atrophy CV-> CHF, peripheral vascular thrombosis, pulmonary edema GI-> diarrhea INTEG-> itching, rash, pain at inj site META-> hypokalemia SYST-> anaphylactic shock |
| What are the contraindications of Vitamin B-12? | Hypersensitivity to this product, cobalt, benzyl alcohol, optic nerve atrophy; precautions: pregnancy, breast feeding, children, renal/hepatic disease, folic acid-iron deficiency, anemia, infection |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Vitamin B-12? | 1,000 mg (1 tablet) PO daily |
| What are the nursing implications for Vitamin-B12? | Assess vit b-12 deficiency (red, beefy tongue) psychosis,pallor neuropathy,diarrhea,constipation, pulmonary edema,worsening or CHF in cardiac pt's,evaluate decreased anorexia,dyspnea on exertion,palpitations,paresthesias,psychosis, visual disturbances |
| Want is the generic name for Dabigatran? | Pradaxa |
| What is the trade name for Pradaxa? | Dabigatran |
| What is the classification of Pradaxa? | Anticoagulant, thrombin inhibitor |
| What is the mechanism of action for Pradaxa? | direct thrombin inhibitor that inhibits both free and clot-bound thrombin, prevents thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and thrombus formation by preventing conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin |
| What is the pharmacokinetics of Pradaxa? | Protein binding 35%, half life 12-17 hours (extended in renal disease), peak 1 hour, high-fat meal delays peak |
| What are the indications/uses of Pradaxa? | Stroke/systemic embolism prophylaxis w nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, DVT, pulmonary embolism in hip placement |
| What are the side effects of Pradaxa? | intrancranial bleeding, myocardial infarction, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, esophagitis, GERD, gastritis, GI bleeding, bleeding anywhere, hemorrhagic erosive gastritis, rash, pruritus, anaphylaxis |
| What are the contraindications of Pradaxa? | hypersensitivity, bleeding, prothetic heart valves; precautions- pregnancy, labor, obstetric delivery, breastfeeding, children, geriatric pt's, abrupt discontinuation, anticoagulant therapy, renal disease, surgery |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Pradaxa? | 150mg (1capsule) PO q12h |
| What are the nursing implications for Pradaxa? | assess blood in urine or emesis, dark tarry stools, lower back pain, caution w catheter, monitor VS, bleeding, swelling, pain, redness, difficulty breathing, chest pain, tachypnea, coughing blood, cyanosis, itching/tingling, swelling, skin discoloration |
| What is the generic name for Diltiazem? | Cardizem |
| What is the trade name for Cardizem? | Diltiazem |
| What is the classification for Cardizem? | calcium channel blocker, anti arrhythmic class IV, antihypertensive, benzothiazepine |
| What is the mechanism of action for Cardizem? | Inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membrane during cardiac depolarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle, dilates coronary arteries, slows SA/AV node conduction times, dilates peripheral arteries |
| What is the pharmacokinetics of Cardizem? | Onset 30-60 minutes; peak 2-3 hours, immediate release, 10-14 hour extended release, 11-18 hr sustained release; half life 3.5-9hour, metabolized by liver, excreted in urine (96% as metabolites) |
| What are the indications/uses of Cardizem? | Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, vertigo; Unlabeled Uses: hyperemesis gravidarum, Meniere's syndrome |
| What are the side effects of Cardizem? | headache, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, depression, weakness, insomnia, tremor, paresthesia, dyrhythmia, edema, CHS, bradychardia, hypotension, palpitations, heart block, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastric upset, constipation, increased LFTs,polyuria.. |
| What are the contraindications of Cardizem? | sick sinus syndrome, AV heart block, hypotension <90 systolic, acute MI, pulmonary congestion, cariogenic shock precautions: pregnancy, breast feeding, children, geriatric puts, CHF, aortic stenosis, bradycardia, GERD, hepatic disease, hiatal hernia... |
| What is the dosage/route of administration of Cardizem? | 360mg (2 capsules) PO daily |
| What are the nursing implications for Cardizem? | Assess CHF(Dyspnea, weight gain, deem, jugular venous distention, ratles), monitor I&O ratios daily, weight; gain, dysrhythmias(cardiac stats,BP,pulse, rest, ECG and intervals), evaluate therapeutic response,decreased anginal pain, decreased BP |
| What is the generic name for Docusate Sodium (OTC) | Colace |
| What is the trade name for Colace? | Docusate Sodium (OTC) |
| What is the classification for Colace? | laxative, emollient; stool softener, anionic surfactant |
| What is the mechanism of action for Colace? | increases water, fat penetration in intestine, allows for easier passage of stool |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Colace? | onset 12-72 hours |
| What are the indications/uses for Colace? | prevention of dry, hard stools |
| What are the side effects of Colace? | bitter taste, throat irritation, nausea, anorexia, cramps, diarrhea, rash |
| What are the contraindications of Colace? | hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, nausea/vomiting precautions: pregnancy, breastfeeding |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Colace? | 100mg (1 capsule) PO BID - AM & HS |
| What are the nursing implications for Colace? | assess if fluids, bulk or exercise is missing from lifestyle, constipating products, cramping, rectal bleeding, nausea, vomiting; if these occur should be discontinued, evaluate therapeutic response: decrease in constipation |
| What is the trade name for Femara? | Letrozole (Rx) |
| What is the generic name for Letrozole (Rx) | Femara |
| What is the classification of Femara? | antineoplastic, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor |
| What is the mechanism of action for Femara? | Binds to the heme group of aromatase; inhibits conversion of androgens to estrogens to reduce plasma estrogen levels |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Femara? | Metabolized in liver, excreted in urine, peak 2 days, terminal half-life 48 hours, steady state 2-6 weeks |
| What are in the indications/uses for Femara? | early, advanced, or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women who are hormone receptor positive; unlabeled uses: infertility, idiopathic short stature, constitutional delayed puberty |
| What are the side effects of Femara? | headache, lethargy, sombolence, dizziness, depression, anxiety, angina, MI, CVA, thromboembolic events, hypertension, peripheral edema, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, heartburn, diarhea, rash, pruritus, hot flashes, dyspnea, cough, myalgia... |
| What are the contraindications of Femara? | pregnancy, premenopausal females, hypersensitivity; precautions: respiratory/hepatic disease, osteoporosis |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Femara? | 2.5mg (1 tablet) PO daily (don't crush, chew, open unless approved) |
| What is the nursing implications for Femara? | Assess hepatic studies before, during therapy (bilirubin, AST, ALT, LDH) as needed or monthly, evaluate therapeutic response (decrease in size of tumour) |
| What is the generic name for Levothyroxine? | Eltroxin |
| What is the trade name for Eltroxin? | Levothyroxine |
| What is the classification for Eltroxin? | Thyroid hormone, Levoisomer of thyroxine |
| What is the mechanism of action for Eltroxin? | Increases metabolic rate, controls protein synthesis, increases cardiac output, renal blood flow, O2 consumption, body temp, blood volume, growth, development at cellular level via action on thyroid hormone receptors |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Eltroxin? | half-life euthyroid 6-7 days, hypothyroid 9-10 days, hyperthyroid 3-4 days, distributed throughout body tissues; PO: onset 24 hours |
| What are the indications/uses for Eltroxin? | Hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, thyroid hormone replacement, thyrotoxicosis, congential hypothyroidism, some types of thyroid cancer, pituitary TSH suppression |
| What are the side effects of Eltroxin? | anxiety, insomnia, tremors, headache, tachycardia, palpitations, gain, hypertension, dysrhythmias, nausea, diarrhea, increase/decreased appetite, cramps, weight loss, sweating, fever, alopecia, menstrual irregularities, decreased bone mineral density.... |
| What are the contraindications for Eltroxin? | adrenal insufficiency, recent MI, thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity to beef, alcohol intolerance (in only) |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Eltroxin? | 75mg (1tablet) PO daily @ 0700 (take on empty stomach) |
| What are the nursing implications for Eltroxin? | |
| What is the trade name for Actonel? | Risedronate (Rx) |
| What is the generic name for Risedronate (Rx)? | Actonel |
| What is the classification for Actonel? | Bone resorption inhibitor, biphosphonate |
| What is the mechanism of action of Actonel? | Inhibits bone resorption, absorbs calcium phosphate crystal in bone, and may directly block dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals of bone |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Actonel? | Rapidly cleared from circulation, taken up mainly by bones (50%), eliminated primarily through kidneys, absorption, decreased by food, terminal half-life 230 hours |
| What are the indications/uses for Actonel? | Paget's disease prevention, treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteoporosis in en; unlabeled uses osteolytic metastases |
| What are the side effects of Acontel? | Dizziness, headache, depression, asthenia, insomnia, weakness, chest pain, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation, esophagitis, rash, UTI, pharyngitis, hypocalcemia, increase PTH, osteonecrosis of jaw.. |
| What are the contraindications for Actonel? | Hypersensitivity to biphosphonates, inability to stand or sit upright for >30 min, esophageal stricture, achalasia, hypocalcemia precautions: pregnancy,children, renal disease, active upper GI disorders, dental disease, Vit D deficiency, asthma ... |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Actonel? | |
| What are the nursing implications for Actonel? | Assess for Paget's disease (headache,bone pain,increased head circumference), osteoporosis, hypocalcemia, serious skin reactions, dental health, evaluate therapeutic response: increased bone mass, absence of fractures |
| What is the generic name for Acetaminophen? | Tylenol |
| What is the trade name for Tylenol? | Acetaminophen |
| What is the classification for Tylenol? | Non-opiod analgesic, antipyretic, nonsalicylate, paraaminophenol derivative |
| What is the mechanism of action for Tylenol? | May block pain impulses peripherally that occur in response to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; does not possess inflammatory properties; antipyretic action results from inhibition of prostaglandins in the CNS (hypothalamic heat-regulating centre) |
| What is the pharmacokinetics of Tylenol? | 85-90% metabolized by liver, excreted by kidneys, metabolites may be toxic if overdose occurs; widely distributed; crosses placenta in low concentrations; excreted in breast milk; half life 1-4hours |
| What are the indications/uses for Tylenol? | Mild to moderate pain or fever, arthralgia, dental pain, dysmenorrhea, headache, myalgia, osteoarthritis; unlabeled used -> migraine |
| What are the side effects of Tylenol? | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hepatoxicity, hepatic seizures (overdose), GI bleeding, renal failure (high, prolonged doses), leukopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, rash, inj site pain, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, cyanosis, anemia, jaundice ... |
| What are the contraindications for Tylenol? | Hypersensitivity to this product or phenacetin; precautions: pregnancy, breastfeeding, geriatric pt's, anemia, renal/hepatic disease, chronic alcoholism |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Tylenol? | 325mg caplet (1-2 tabs) PO q4h PRN (for temp > 37.5 or pain< recommended max 4gm/day, 2gm/day of on Warfarin) |
| What are the nursing implications for Tylenol? | Asses hepatic studies (AST, ALT,bilirubin, creatinine before therapy if long-term therapy is anticipated; may cause hepatic toxicity at doses >4g a day w chronic use, renal studies (BUN,urine creatinine,albumin,occult blood), blood studies.. |
| What is the generic name for Bisacodyl? | Dulcolax |
| What is the trade name fro Dulcolax? | Bisacodyl |
| What is the classification of Dulcolax? | Laxative, stimulant, diphenylmethane |
| What is the mechanism of action for Dulcolax? | Acts directly on intestine by increasing motor activity; thought to irritate colonic intramural plexus |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Dulcolax? | Small amounts absorbed/metabolized by liver, excreted in urine, bile, faces, breast milk; PO (onset 6-10hrs), RECT (onset 15-60min) |
| What are the indications/uses for Dulcolax? | short-term treatment of constipation, bowel or rectal preparation for surgery, examination |
| What are the side effects of Dulcolax? | muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cramps, diarrhea, rectal burning(Supps), protein-losing enteropathy, alkalosis, hypokalemia, tetany; electrolyte fluid imbalances |
| What are the contraindications for Dulcolax? | hypersensitivity, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, appendicitis, acute surgical abdomen, ulcerated hemorrhoids, acute hepatitis, fecal impaction, intestinal/biliary tract obstruction; precautions: pregnancy, breast feeding, rectal fissures, severe CVdise |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Dulcolax? | 10mg (1supp) PR daily PRN |
| What are the nursing implications for Dulcolax? | Assess blood, urine electrolytes if product is used often by pt, I&O ratio is identify fluid loss, cause of constipation, GI symptoms. Evaluate therapeutic response (decrease in constipation) |
| What is the generic name for Lactulose? | Lactulose, Lactulax, Acilac |
| What is the trade name for Lactulose? | Lactulose |
| What is the classification for Lactulose? | laxative, ammonia detoxicant (hyperosmotic), lactose synthetic derivative |
| What is the mechanism of action for Lactulose? | Prevents absorption of ammonia in colon by acidifying stool; increases water, softens stool |
| What is the pharmacokinetics for Lactulose? | Metabolized in colon, onset 1-2 days, peak unknown, duration unknown |
| What are the indications/uses for Lactulose? | Chronic constipation, portal systemic encephalopathy in pt's w hepatic disease |
| What are the side effects for Lactulose? | nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, distention, belching, hypernatremia |
| What are the contraindications for Lactulose? | hypersensitivity, low-galactose diet; precautions: pregnancy, breastfeeding, geriatric pt, debilitated pt, diabetes mellitus |
| What is the dosage/route of administration for Lactulose? | 30ml PO daily PRN |
| What are the nursing implications for Lactulose? | Assess stool, cause of constipation, blood, urine electrolytes, I&O ratio to identify fluid loss, replace any loss, cramping/rectal bleed/nausea,vomiting should be dscontd, evaluate therapeutic response (decrease constipation, decreased bloodammonialeve . |
Created by:
breannekwasny
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