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LCE SCIENCE
Human Biology & Health Ch 6 Section 1 - 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stimulus | any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way |
| response | what the body does in reaction to a stimulus |
| neuron | a cell that carries information through the nervous system |
| nerve impulse | the message carried by a neuron |
| dendrite | a threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body |
| axon | a threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body |
| nerve | a bundle of nerve fibers |
| sensory neuron | a neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse |
| interneuron | a neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another |
| motor neuron | a neuron that sends and impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the muscle or gland to react |
| synapse | the junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to the next structure |
| central nervous system | the division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | the division of the nervous system consisting of all the nerves located outside the central nervous system |
| brain | the part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions in the body |
| spinal cord | the thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system |
| cerebrum | the part of the brain that interprets input from the senses ,controls movement, and carries out complex mental processes |
| cerebellum | the part of the brain that coordinates the actions of the muscles and helps maintain balance |
| brain stem | the part of the brain that lies between the cerebellum and spinal cord and controls the body's involuntary actions |
| somatic nervous system | the group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary actions |
| reflex | an automatic response that occurs rapidly and without conscious control |
| concussion | a bruise like injury of the brain that occurs when the soft tissue of the brain collides against the skull |
| cornea | the clear tissue that covers the front of the eye |
| pupil | the opening through which the light enters the eye |
| iris | the circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye |
| lens | the flexible structure that focuses light that has entered the eye |
| retina | the layer of receptor cells at the back of the eye on which an image is focused |
| nearsightedness | the condition in which a person can see nearby objects clearly |
| farsightedness | the condition in which a person can see distant objects clearly |
| eardrum | the membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear, and that vibrates when sound waves strike it |
| cochlea | a snail shaped tube in the inner ear that is lined with receptor cells that respond to sound |
| semicircular canals | structures in the inner ear that are responsible for the sense of balance |
| drug | any chemical taken into the body that causes changes in the person's body or behavior |
| drug abuse | the deliberate misuse of drugs for purposes other than medical |
| tolerance | a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to produce the same effect on the body |
| addiction | a physical dependence on a substance |
| withdrawal | a period of adjustment that occurs when a drug dependent person stop taking the drug |
| depressant | a drug that slows down the activity of the central nervous system |
| stimulant | a drug that speeds up body processes |
| anabolic steroid | synthetic chemicals that are similar to hormones produced in the body |
| alcoholism | a disease in which a person is both physically addicted to and emotionally dependent on alcohol |
Created by:
mrsschaaf
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