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Chapter 3
Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell theory | - all organisms are made of cells - all existing cells are produced by other cells -the cell is the most basic unit of life |
| cytoplasm | jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks |
| organelle | structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell |
| prokaryotic cell | do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles |
| cytoskeleton | a flexible network of proteins that provide structural support of the cell |
| nucleus | storehouse for most of the genetic information (DNA) |
| endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes |
| ribosome | like amino acids together to form proteins |
| Golgi apparatus | closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
| vesicle | small, membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport it |
| mitochondrion | supply energy to the cell |
| vacuole | fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by the cell |
| lysosome | contain the enzymes |
| centriole | cylinder-shaped organelle made of short microtubules arranged in a circle |
| cell wall | rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to a cell |
| chloroplast | carry out photosynthesis; series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy to into energy-rich molecules |
| cell membrane | forms boundary between cell and outside environment and controls what goes in and out of the cell |
| phospholipid | molecule composed of 3 basic parts (charged phosphate group, glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains) |
| fluid mosaic model | describes arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
| selective permeability | allows SOME materials to cross |
| receptor | protein that detects a single molecule and preforms an action in response |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell |
| diffusion | movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
| osmosis | water molecules moving across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration |
| isotonic | solute concentration equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| hypertonic | higher solute concentration that that inside of a cell |
| hypotonic | lower solute concentration than that of a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules through transport proteins |
| active transport | drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration |
| endocytosis | process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane |
| phagocytosis | type of endocytosis where the cell membrane engulfs large particles |
| exocytosis | opposite of endocytosis; release out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with a membrant |
Created by:
kaseywallace
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