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Immunoheme Lab Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A | A antigen, anti-B antibody |
| B | B antigen, anti-A antibody |
| O | no antigen, anti-A and anti-B antibody |
| AB | A and B antigen, no antibodies |
| somatic cells are diploid or haploid | diploid |
| the most common blood group antigens are of what chemical composition | glycoproteins/lipids |
| Name the 2 immunoglobulin classes that comprise most blood group antibodies | IgM and IgG |
| Expose you and determine your blood type | histoantigens |
| No H antigen (hh genotype) | bombay |
| type 1 linkage | beta 1-3 linkage; secretions, H substance |
| Type 2 linkage | beta 1-4 linkage; RBC antigens |
| H+H = | O |
| H+A= | A |
| H+B | B |
| H+A+B= | AB |
| what term is defined as the basic unit of inheritance | gene |
| Genetic makeup of a trait | genotype |
| physical expression of a trait | phenotype |
| Why is the ABO blood group the most clinically significant | acute hemolytic transfusion reactions |
| Universal blood donor | O |
| Universal blood receiver | AB |
| Universal plasma donor | AB |
| Universal plasma recipient | O |
| Looking for antibody? | React with patient cells |
| Looking for antigen? | React with anti-serum |
| Forward typing determines.... | antigen |
| Reverse typing determines.. | antibodies |
| What does LISS do? | enhancement tool, negates negative charge on RBCs so they can stack together |
| Which FUT gene goes with H antigen enzyme | FUT1 |
| Which FUT gene goes with secretor enzyme | FUT2 |
| Which FUT gene goes with lewis enzyme | FUT3 |
| 80% of the population has this gene | secretor gene |
| bind better and bind complement | IgM |
| Larger | IgM |
| Room temperature or less (won't cause physical harm during cross over because it won't react) | IgM |
| Direct agglutination | IgM |
| Smaller | IgG |
| Can cross the placenta and cause hemolytic disease of the newborn | IgG |
| Indirect agglutination | IgG |
| Worse for cross-over | IgG |
| Genes make antigens in what two ways? | Directly and enzymatically |
| what is the most common blood group in caucasian americans | O+ |
| what is the least common blood group in general | AB- |
| what is the bombay genotype | hh |
| why can bombay people only receive bombay blood? | they have anti-h group and all other groups have H antigen |
| what enzyme codes the A gene; sugar transferred | nacetylgalactosaminyltransferase; nacetylgalactosamine |
| what enzyme codes the B gene; sugar transferred | galactosyltransferase; galactose |
| what enzyme codes the H gene; sugar transferred | |
| what does DAT stand for? | direct antibody testing |
| what does IAT stand for? | indirect antibody testing |
| where is the antibody located when you're testing DAT? | cells |
| where is the antibody located when testing IAT? | plasma |
| What does DAT also go by? | Direct coombs test |
| what does IAT also go by? | antibody screen |
| antibody to lewis | Le a- b- ; IgM |
| Additive to extend storage life of RBC's and whole blood | CPDA-1 |
| how do platelets need to be stored | @ room temperature in an agitator (keeps them mixed so they don't stick together and the pH stable) |
| is the lewis system technically a blood group? | no, antigen isn't manufactured by RBCs. Done by tissues and dumped into the plasma where RBC's adsorb it |
| two FUT genes = two fucose = | Leb |
| parabombay has ABH antigens in what but not in what? | secretions, RBCs |
| bombay phenotype has no ABH antigens | in secretions or on cells |
| what is AHG | Anti-human globulin |
| what genetic theory is the most recent and accepted as correct? | tippett |
| Anti-D gives you problems with... | future transfusions and pregnancies |
| Which genetic theory has no little d and has antithetical alleles (you get one or the other) | Fisher-Race |
| Numbers assigned to letters and their assigned positive or negative | Rosenfield terminology |
| What causes 1. increased osmotic fragility 2. mild hemolytic anemia 3. stomatocytes | Rh null |
| what is the volume of a typical unit of whole blood | 450 ml +- 45 ml |
| 4 components of whole blood donation | RBCs, AHF, fresh frozen plasma, platelets |
| what is the purpose of citrate? | anticoagulant |
| what is the purpose of phosphate? | buffers solution |
| what is the purpose of dextrose | energy |
| what is the purpose of adenine | increases survival (preservative) |
| 3 important elements for platelet storage | temperature (rm. temp), gentle agitation, storage duration (5 days) |
| what is the gene product for the se gene | alpha 1,2 fucoslytransferase |
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