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BY 101 Exam 2 Part 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Coenzymes deliver electrons for____ | ATP synthesis |
| Electron Transfer Chain | Organized arrays of enzymes, coenzymes, and other proteins that accept and donate electrons in a series |
| Photosynthesis | The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using the energy of light |
| Light Travels in____ | Waves |
| Wavelength | The distance between the crests of two successive waves of light (nm). |
| Pigment(s) | An organic molecule that selectively absorbs light of a specific wavelengths; Photosynthetic organisms used to capture the energy of the sunlight |
| Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments | Absorb most wavelengths of visible light |
| Chloroplast | An organelle that specializes in photosynthesis in plants and many protists; May have evolved from bacteria through endosymbiosis |
| Thylakoid Membrane | Two outer membranes that surround the storm and innermost membrane |
| Photosystems (I & II) | Groups of molecules on the thylakoid membrane that work as a unit to begin the reactions of photosynthesis; Convert light energy into chemical energy |
| The equation for photosynthesis | 6H2O (water) + 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) --> 6O2 (oxygen) + C6H12O6 (glucose) |
| Light-Dependent Reactions | Light energy is transferred to ATP and NADPH; Water molecules are split, releasing O2 |
| Light-Independent Reactions | Energy in ATP and NADPH drives synthesis of glucose and other carbohydrates from CO2 and water |
| Light-harvesting complexes ___ | Absorb the energy |
| Electrons lost from photosystem II are replaced by ___ of water molecules | Photolysis |
| Photolysis | Process by which light energy breaks down a molecule such as water; Water dissociates into hydrogen ions and oxygen |
| Light energy is converted to ___ | Chemical Energy |
| First Step in Light-Dependent Reactions | Entry of electrons from a photosystem into the electron transfer chain |
| ATP forms in the ___ | Stroma |
| H+ flows through ATP synthase, which attaches a phosphate group to ___ | ATP |
| Electron energy is used to build up a ___ | H+ gradient across the membrane |
| When NADPH accumulates in the stroma ___ | The non-cyclic pathway stops |
| A cyclic pathway runs in ___ | Type I photosystems to make ATP electrons are cycled back to phostosystem I and NADPH does not form |
| Photophosphorylation | A light-driven reaction that attached a phosphate group to a molecule |
| Cyclic Photophosphorylation | Electrons cycle with photosystem I |
| Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation | Electrons move from water to photosystem II, to photosystem I, to NADPH |
| The "Synthesis" Part of Photosynthesis | The cyclic, light-dependent reactions of the Calvin-Benson cycle |
| Calvin-Benson Cycle | Enzyme-mediated reactions that build sugars in the storm of chloroplasts; Rubisco attaches CO2 to RuBP, PGAL, is formed, RuBP is regenerated |
| Carbon Fixation | Extraction of carbon atoms from inorganic sources (atmosphere) and incorporating them into an organic molecule; Builds glucose from O2; Uses bond energy of molecules formed in light-dependent reactions (ATP, NADPH) |
| Rubisco | Enzyme that attached CO2 and RuBP; Forms two 3-carbon PGA molecules; Most common enzyme |
| PGAs receive a ___ | Phosphate group from ATP, and hydrogen and electrons from NADPH; Two PGAL combine to form a 6-carbon sugar |
| Stomata | Small openings through the waxy cuticle covering epidermal surfaces of leaves and green stems; Allows CO2 in and O2 out; Close on dry days to minimize water loss |
Created by:
jyarbrough3
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