Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 2 Vocab
Chapter 2 Vocabulary for Biotech 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fluorometer | An instrument that measures the amount or type of light emitted |
| Organism | A living thing |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life that makes up all living organisms |
| Escherichia coli | A bacterium that is commonly used by biotechnology companies for the development of products |
| Multicellular | composed or more than 1 cell |
| Cytology | Cell biology |
| Anatomy | The structure and organization of living things |
| Physiology | The processes and functions of living things |
| Respiration | The breaking down of food molecules with the result of generating energy for the cell |
| Unicellular | Composed of one cell |
| Tissue | A group of cells that function together |
| Organ | Tissues that act together to form a specific function in an organism |
| Proteins | One of the four classes of macromolecules; folded, functional polypeptides that conduct various functions within and around a cell |
| Eukaryotic/Eukaryote | A cell that contains membrane bound organelles. |
| Protist | An organism belonging to the kingdom Protista, which includes protozoans, slime molds, and certain algae |
| Organelles | Specialized microscopic factories, each with specific jobs in the cell |
| Mitochondria | The membrane-bound organelles that are responsible for generating cellular energy |
| Sugar | A simple carbohydrate molecule composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen |
| Nucleic Acids | A class of macromolecules that directs the synthesis of all other cellular molecules; often referred to as "information-carrying molecules" |
| Lipids | One of the four classes of macromolecules; includes fats, waxes, steroids, and oils |
| Pancreas | An organ that secretes digestive fluids, as well as insulin |
| Hormone | A molecule that acts to regulate cellular functions |
| Chlorophyll | The green-pigmented molecules found in plant cells; used for photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis | A process by which plants or algae use light energy to make chemical energy |
| Chloroplast | The specialized organelle in plants responsible for photosynthesis |
| Cytoplasm | A gel-like liquid made of thousands of molecules suspended in water, outside the nucleus |
| Lysosome | A membrane-bound organelle that is responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste |
| Ribosome | The organelle in a cell where proteins are made |
| Cell Wall | A specialized organelle surrounding the cells of plants, bacteria, and some fungi; gives support around the outer boundary of the cell |
| Cellulose | A structural polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls |
| Plasma Membrane | A specialized organelle of the cell that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell |
| Glucose | A 6-carbon sugar that is produced during photosynthesis reactions; usual form of carbohydrate used by animals, including humans |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | A nucleotide that serves as an energy storage molecule |
| Nucleus | A membrane-bound organelle that encloses the cell's DNA |
| Chromosomes | The long strands of DNA intertwined with protein molecules |
| Enzyme | A protein that functions to speed up chemical reactions |
| Pigments | The molecules that are colored due to the reflection of light of specific wave lengths |
| Messenger RNA | A class of RNA molecules responsible for transferring genetic information from the chromosomes to ribosomes where proteins are made; often abbreviated mRNA |
| Amino Acids | The subunits of proteins; each contains a central carbon atom attached to an amino group , a carboxyl group, and a distinctive "R" group |
| Polypeptide | A strand of amino acids connected to each other through peptide bonds |
| Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells | An animal cell live commonly used in biotechnology studies |
| Vero Cells | African green monkey kidney epithelial cells |
| HeLa Cells | Human epithelial cells |
| Prokaryotic/Prokaryote | A cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles |
| Aerobic Respiration | Utilizing oxygen to release the energy from sugar molecules |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Releasing the energy from sugar molecules in the absence of oxygen |
| Macromolecule | A large molecule usually composed of smaller repeating units chained together |
| Organic | Molecules that contain carbon and are only produced by living things |
| Carbohydrates | One of the four classes of macromolecules; organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, generally in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| Cytoskeleton | A protein network in the cytoplasm that gives the cell structural support |
| Monomers | The repeating units that make up polymers |
| Polymer | A large molecule made up of many repeating sub units |
| Monosaccharide | The monomer unit that cells use to build polysaccharides; also known as "single sugar" or "simple sugar" |
| Disaccharide | A polymer that consists of two sugar molecules |
| Polysaccharide | A long polymer composed of many simple sugar monomers |
| Fructose | A 6-Carbon sugar found in high concentration in fruits; also called fruit sugar |
| Sucrose | A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; also called table sugar |
| Lactose | A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose; also called milk sugar |
| Amylose | A plant starch with unbranched glucose chains |
| Amylopectin | A plant starch with branched glucose chains |
| Glycogen | An animal starch with branched glucose chains |
| Cellular Respiration | The process by which cells break down glucose to create other energy molecules |
| Deoxyribose | The 5-Carbon sugar found in DNA molecules |
| Ribose | The 5-Carbon sugar found in RNA molecules |
| Hydrophobic | Repelled by water |
| Triglycerides | A group of lipids that includes animal fats and plant oils |
| Phospholipids | A class of lipids that are primarily found in membranes of the cell |
| Hydrophilic | Having an attraction to water |
| Steroids | A group of lipids whose functions include acting as hormones, venoms, and pigments |
| R Group | The chemical side-group on an amino acids; in nature, there are 20 different R groups that are found in amino acids |
| Ribonucleic Acid | The macromolecule that functions in the conversion of genetic instructions (DNA) into proteins |
| Nucleotides | The monomer subunits of nucleic acids |
Created by:
Wallaby
Popular Biology sets