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Soil formation

TermDefinition
Soil A loose mixture of weathered rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the row the of vegetation.
Soil Composition What it is made of. A mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air.
Humus A dark-colored substance that forms as a plant and animal remains decay. Makes the soil dark. Lighter soil has less.
Fertile Soil Rich in the nutrients that plants need to grow.
Soil Texture The soil quality that is based on the proportions of the soil particles. Depends on the size of the soil particles.
Soil Horizons Layers of soil.
Horizon A Topsoil with humus. Crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.
Horizon B Subsoil. Consists of clay and other particles washed down from Horizon A, but less humus.
Horizon C Rock fragment (weathered rock) forms as bedrock weathers and rock breaks up into soil.
Horizon R Bedrock- solid rock at the bottom
Loam Soil that is up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt. Best for growing most types of trees.
Decomposition How humus is formed. Rotting, decaying.
Leaching The removal of substances that can be dissolved from rocks or layers of soil due to the passing of water.
Parent rock The source of the weathered fragments (mineral fragments or sediments)
Bedrock The layer of rock beneath the soil.
Transported Soil Soil that is blown, washed away, or moved by glaciers.
Residual Soil The soil that remains above its parent rock.
Litter Loose layer of leaves on the ground from plants.
Created by: ashtyn.dowdle
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