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biology ch 2 ben
chemical soup of life
| Question | Answers |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of matter... |
| nucleus (atom) | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons... |
| electron | negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus... |
| element | substances consisting entirely of one type of atom... |
| isotope | atom of an element that has a # of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the ..same element |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom that has a negative or positive charge |
| covalent bond | bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances;in plants, attraction between unlike molecules |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
| solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0-14 |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+)in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+)in solution |
| buffer | weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in ph |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for the growth and repair |
| amino acid | compound w/ amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| product | element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that act as a biological catalyst |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of the energy for the body |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharide | large macromolecule formed from monosaccarides |
| lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats,oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogenm carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| dioxytibonucleic acid (DNA) | nucleic acid that contains sugar deoxribose |
| electrons have | negative charge, no specific mass, |
Created by:
keel
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